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Modern-day Borders
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Answer
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Hint
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United Kingdom
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Britannia
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Agricola’s province. Caesar was the first Roman general to invade this territory.
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Belgium, Netherlands, Germany
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Germania Inferior
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Drusus expanded Roman control in this province and established forts along the Rhine.
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Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland
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Gallia Belgica
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Northern frontier province with important military roads. Julius Caesar campaigned extensively in this province, defeating the Belgae and bringing the region firmly under Roman control.
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France, Germany
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Germania Superior
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Germanicus led campaigns in this province to avenge the battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
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France
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Gallia Lugdunensis
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Contained the city of Lugdunum and printed Imperial coins. Birthplace of Claudius.
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France
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Gallia Aquitania
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Southwestern Gaul and birthplace of the poet Ausonius.
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France
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Gallia Narbonensis
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Contains heavily Romanized Gauls and Caesar’s base during the Gallic wars.
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Austria, Germany, Switzerland
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Raetia
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Alpine frontier province ruled by an Equestrian Prefect. Tamed by Drusus.
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Italy, Austria, Germany
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Noricum
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Supplied high quality steel weapons. Romanized without a major war.
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Hungary
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Pannonia Inferior
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Has key supply routes along the Danube. Protected the Balkans from eastern steppe incursions. Crucial to maintaining stability in southeastern Europe. Formed part of the continuous Danube limes, Rome’s longest frontier system.
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Austria, Hungary, Croatia
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Pannonia Superior
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Produced many later emperors and hosted elite legions. Marcus Aurelius used this province as a base during the Marcomannic Wars.
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Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro
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Dalmatia
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Rebellious region with mountain terrain that limited agriculture. Birthplace of Diocletian.
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Romania
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Dacia
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Abandoned due to defense costs. Rich gold mines and north of the Danube.
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Romania, Bulgaria
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Moesia Inferior
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Hosted Roman river fleet and major defensive anchor.
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Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Bulgaria
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Moesia Superior
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Birthplace of Constantine the Great.
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Albania, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece, North Macedonia
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Macedonia
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Won from King Perseus. Protector of Greece before Roman conquest.
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Greece, Albania
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Achaia
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Heavy tourism. Slaves from the region taught young Roman pupils.
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Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
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Thracia
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Provided key access for Bosporus and is birthplace of Maximinus Thrax.
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Turkey
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Bithynia et Pontus
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Won from Mithradates IV.
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Turkey
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Asia
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Wealthiest eastern province. Cicero served as governor of the territory.
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Turkey
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Galatia
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Celtic influence and made a province by Augustus.
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Turkey
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Lycia et Pamphylia
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Former independent league and earthquake prone.
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Turkey, Georgia
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Cappadocia
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Parthian buffer and sparse population.
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Turkey
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Cicilia
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Famous for its mountainous terrain and coastal harbors, which were notorious for pirate activity before Roman control.
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Syria, Turkey, Lebanon
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Syria
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Military and economic anchor of the East. Pompey organized this area as a Roman province.
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Iraq, Syria, Turkey
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Mesopotamia
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Furthest Roman reach; brief occupation, and hard to defend. Symbol of Roman overextension. Trajan conquered it at the height of Roman power.
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Israel, Jordan
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Judaea
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Frequent revolts occur due to religious tension. Titus burned its main city, Jerusalem, and the Second Temple.
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Cyprus
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Cyprus
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Served as an important trade and naval hub in the eastern Mediterranean, famous for its copper mines.
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Egypt
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Aegyptus
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Main grain supplier of Rome and home of Cleopatra.
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Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Israel
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Arabia Petraea
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Trajan annexed the region peacefully and secured long-distance trade routes.
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Libya, Greece
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Cyrenaica et Creta
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Fertile lands produced grain, olives, and silphium (a rare medicinal and culinary plant). Known for skilled mariners and was strategically located along Mediterranean trade routes.
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Algeria, Tunisia, Libya
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Africa Proconsularis
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Major grain supplier and former territory of Carthage. Birthplace of Septimius Serverus.
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Algeria, Morocco
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Mauretania Caesariensis
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Known for its calvary and had an unstable interior.
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Morrcco
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Mauretania Tingitana
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Annexed by Claudius as a formal province and was the westernmost province in Africa.
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Spain
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Hispania Baetica
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Produced olive oil for Rome and birthplace of Trajan. Highly urbanized.
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Portugal, Spain
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Hispania Lusitania
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Famous for its gold mines. Viriathus, a local leader who led prolonged resistance against Rome, was born here.
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Spain, Andorra, Portugal
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Hispania Tarraconensis
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Largest province in Iberia. Lucrative silver mines that supplied metals crucial for Rome’s economy and army.
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Switzerland, France
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Alpes Poeniae
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Controlled the Great St. Bernard Pass, a major trade and military route. Sparsely populated, mainly forts and small settlements.
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France
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Alpes Cottiae
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Augustus transformed the former client kingdom of its namesake into a Roman province.
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France
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Alpes Maritimae
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Coastal Alpine province along the Ligurian and French Riviera. Controlled key passes and coastal trade routes and was a buffer state between Gaul and Italia.
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Italy
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Sicilia
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Rome’s first province outside the Italian mainland (annexed 241 BC after First Punic War). Rome's breadbasket. Site of major cities with strong Hellenistic influence, e.g., Syracuse.
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Italy, France
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Corsica et Sardinia
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Two islands in the Western Mediterranean, one was rugged and mountainous, and the other had fertile plains. Both were important for grain production and livestock.
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Italy, Switzerland, Vatican City, San Marino
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Italia
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Contains the city of Rome itself. Not a formal province.
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