| Precedent | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| A threat accompanied by a direction to rob any bank is insufficient | Ali | 100%
|
| Relevant characteristics include age, sex, pregnancy, physical disability and mental illness | Bowen | 100%
|
| Coercer must direct D to commit a particular offence. No direction to commit = no defence | Cole | 100%
|
| Drug addiction is not a characteristic that can be shared | Flatt | 100%
|
| Unavailable for attempted murder | Gotts | 100%
|
| Landmark case | Hasan | 100%
|
| D's criminal conduct must be in response to fear for safety for: a) D's immediate family b) someone close to D c) A person for whose safety D reasonably regards himself as responsible | Hasan | 100%
|
| The defence fails if D reasonably could have avoided committing the crime | Hasan | 100%
|
| D may not rely on duress where he voluntarily associates with others engaged in criminal activity and knew, or ought reasonably have known, there was a risk of being subject to any compulsion by threats of violence. | Hasan | 100%
|
| Where D does not take evasive action due to a personal circumstance, the defence fails | Heath | 100%
|
| Unavailable for murder | Howe | 100%
|
| ____ is not a characteristic that can be shared | Low IQ | 100%
|
| D may only rely on duress to avoid death or serious physical injury. Threat to cause pain is insufficient. | Quayle | 100%
|
| The belief needn't be correct | Safi | 100%
|
| x | x | 100%
|
| 1. Death/Serious Injury | x | 100%
|
| x | x | 100%
|
| 2. Direction | x | 100%
|
| x | x | 100%
|
| 3. Response | x | 100%
|
| x | x | 100%
|
| 4. Causation | x | 100%
|
| x | x | 100%
|
| 5. Evasion | x | 100%
|
| x | x | 100%
|
| 6. Self-Inducement | x | 100%
|
| Fear of psychological harm is insufficient | Baker & Williams | 0%
|
| 1) Did D honestly and reasonably believe in the efficacy of the threats?2) Would a sober person of reasonable firmness, sharing D's characteristics, have acted as D? | Graham | 0%
|
| If threats of violence were unforeseeable, the defence is available, even if D engaged in criminal activity | Shepherd | 0%
|
| The totality of threats may be considered when deciding whether harm feared was serious. | Valderrama-Vaga | 0%
|