Rome... or Babylon?

Babylon conquered its age-old adversary in 626-609 BCE, and Rome briefly held the region twice, under Trajan and Septimius Severus.

'Babylon' used as a metaphor for another oppressive empire, Rome, in the First Epistle of Peter and the Revelation of John.

This should be easy.

Though Greek sources tell of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, this is likely a misattribution of Sennacherib's gardens in Nineveh.

Rome annexed Egypt after Cleopatra's suicide, but Babylon's campaign in the Nile Delta was ultimately a failure.

Rome- Tiber; Babylon- Euphrates

Babylon destroyed the city in 587 or 586 BCE, and Rome destroyed the city in 70 CE.

Hence "Babylon" not appearing on world maps anymore.

Rome was conquered by the Visigoths, Vandals, Ostrogoths, and Lombards. The British (who are Germanic) controlled Babylon through the Iraq Mandate.

Wait... its not both?

The Neo-Babylonian Empire was Relatively Short Lived (626-539 BCE), but the Roman Empire lasted from 27 BCE-476 CE, or until 1453 CE if one counts the empire's Eastern continuation.

Rome had been outdone (in terms of area) by the Achaemenids and the Han Dynasty. The Neo-Babylonian Empire was significantly smaller than the Assyrian Empire that preceeded it.

Assyriology is the study of cultures that used Cuneiform, such as Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, Assyria, and others.