APUSH Red Highlights

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; used a new style of emotionally intense preaching; from Massachusetts

Emotional Great Awakening preacher who proclaimed a merciful God; travelled across country

New churched that were formed during the FIrst Great Awakening; against focus on money (was seen as sin); saw religious freedom as essential and to be supported by the government

These include throwing the existing power system into criticism, anti-commercial ideologies, increased printing across the colonies, and the questioning and personal interpretations of religion

An undeclared war fought between the US and France (1798-1800) in Caribbean and Atlantic; based in French anger over American neutrality

Era of Supreme Court history under the leadership of a federalist Chief Justice; strengthened national power

1819 US Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice Marshall, holding that Maryland could not tax the Second Bank of the US, supported the authority of the federal government versus the states

1824 US Supreme Court decision reinforcing the “commerce clause” (the federal govenment’s right to regulate interstate commerce) of the Constitution; Chief Justice Marshal ruled against the State of New York’s granting of steam boat monopolies

1832 Supreme Court case that held that Native American nations were distinct people who could not be dealt with by the states—instead, only the federal government could negotiate with them. President Jackson refused to enforce

End disputed election; Hayes becomes president if he ends reconstruction efforts in the South

1883 law replacing the spoils system with merit based positions in the government

Photographer who published How the Other Half Lives (1890) that exposed the conditions of the poor working class of the cities

Editor from Atlanta, who in the 1880s promoted the idea of a New South (prosperous because of industrial expansion and the diversity of agriculture)

1881 book by Helen Hunt Jackson that describes the systematic destruction of Native American culture and the unjust treatment by the American government

Sioux leader who’s tribe suffered from the loss of buffalo; helped to lead the Battle of Little Big Horn to reclaim native lands in the Black Hills, eventually forced to surrender

1896 winner of the democratic nomination (also supported by populists); gave famous cross of gold speech calling for switch from gold standard; supported government welfare, precursor to New Deal

Era of the gilded age where international markets were sought to help deal with over production

Naval officer who published The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) which called for a large fleet of ships involved in international trade, with a strong navy to protect them

Congregational clergyman who wrote In Our Country (1885) which called for the expansion of Manifest Destiny to all “inferior races” across world; argued it would benefit economy

Movement led by César Chávez to improve the conditions of poor migrant farm workers from Latin America