Geology - earthquakes

polar, convectional wave. Can only move through solid. propogated through ridge pull. fastest wave.

primary, compressional wave. can move through solid and liquid. propogated through push and pull. fastest wave.

secondary, shear wave. slower than P-wave. can only move through solids. more deadly bc of slowness.

somatic, shredded wave. faster than P-wave. can move through both solid and liquids. less deadly bc of fast motion.

sonar, symbiotic wave. slower than a P-wave. can move through liquids.

Seismic waves on the richter scale

Explains fault rupture and earthquake generation. explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. ex: breaking a twig

Tsunami prediction

read a map

you need to go to where the earthquake occurred

Trinagulation - needs 3 seismic stations, the intersection of those three is the epicenter

Closest to the epicenter

The focus

The ring of fire

Volcano and magma on the graph

Ground motion vs time. Each tick mark = 1 minute. P-S time interval indicates distance to epicenter. First surface wave is the love wave

Read the graph

Volcanoes are the reason why

Pangea

Fault lines are complex. Tectonic plates are always moving so it is hard to tell when an earthquake will occurr

a break or fracture in the rock along which movement has occurred. One up, one down.

a break or fracture in the rock with no movement.

a break or fracture along a volcano

a break or fracture in the rock along which movement has occured

a break or fracture in the rock with no movement

a break or fracture near the ring of fire

waves that travel out to sea for long periods of time without losing energy. Velocity and speed of waves depend on the depth to seafloor and gravity.

waves that go to shore quickly. gives people little time to react

waves that build up really fast

waves that travel out to sea for long periods of time without losing energy. Velocity and speed of waves depend on the depth to seafloor and gravity.

waves that build up really fast

waves travels toward land quick, little time for people to react, destructive.

similar to ocean waves, rolls, moves the ground up and down, slowest and very deadly wa e

similar to ocean waves, moves the ground side to side, fastest and very deadly wave

similar to P waves, rolls, slowest and not so deadly wave

subjective - based on seismograph record, Richter scale, subjective measure of ocean floor damage

subjective - what!

subjective - based on measure of damage, Modifield Mercalli Scale - subjective measure, damage of ground motion, not quantitative, uses roman numerals to measure - 1 small, 12 bad

not subjective

Amplitude - Richter Scale - Ground motion Amplitude

An earthquake's magnitude is determined by measuring the amplitude of the largest seismic wave recorded on a seismograph

Moving the earth