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Clinical Psychology: History of Abnormality

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aayatbella
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Last updated: May 11, 2026
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First submittedMay 11, 2026
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Stone Age
Believed cause of mental illness
Evil spirits or angry ancestors
Treatment
Skulls from the Stone Age show holes made by trephination
Justification
Release the evil spirits that were supposedly causing the problem
Ancient Greece (400BC)
What was the theory?
The Four Humours
Who created the theory?
Hippocrates
Beginning of...
Connecting physical and mental health
General Explanation
Believed mental illness came from an imbalance in the body’s four fluids
Too much or too little of these fluids could cause different illnesses.
The Four Fluids
Yellow bile
Black bile
Blood
Phlegm
Example of imbalance
Yellow bile - Mania
Black bile - Melancholia
Treatment
Based on lifestyle; e.g.
eating better, relaxing, and exercising
The Islamic Golden Age (11th Century)
Philosopher/doctor
Ibn Sina
What did he do?
Developed the four humours theory further and physical and mental health
Influence
Islamic and European medicine
Shaped early ideas about psychiatry
Limitation
Most people still believed mental illness had supernatural causes.
Rise of Asylums (705 CE)
Famous one
Bethlem Hospital (Bedlam) in London
When did it open?
1547
Issues
Often became overcrowded
Poor living conditions
Limitations
Basic treatments
Harsh conditions
Form of social control
19th Century
Main Development
Mental health care started to improve.
Treatment focused on
Showing respect and kindness to patients.
Conditions
Asylums became cleaner and more open
Staff were caring
Patients encouraged to...
Walk
Rest
Talk
Do light work
Results
Many patients improved a lot.
People start considering psychogenic explanations for mental illness
20-21st Century
Development
Rapid advancements in psychology and psychiatry!
Treatment
Development of various therapy types; e.g.
CBT, psychoanalysis, etc.
Introduction of psychopharmacology
Increased focus on
De-stigmatisation
Mental health awareness
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