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Mao's China 1949-76 Theme 2 Statistics

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aayatbella
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Last updated: February 3, 2026
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First submittedFebruary 3, 2026
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Before Land Reform (1949)
Only 10-15% farmers rented their land
Land Reform (1950-51)
By end of 1951, 10 million landlords had lost land
By end of 1951, 40% of land had been redistributed to 60% of population
Land Reform participation (1950-51)
88% households had taken part
Agricultural production (1950-52) - land reform
Increased by 15% per annum
Land reform deaths
Official figures at 700,000 but could have been as high as 3 million
MAT system (1952)
By 1952, around 40% of all peasant households belonged to a MAT
APC system (1955)
Only 14% rural households in APCs by March 1955
APC system (1956)
17 million households in APCs in July 1955 to 75 million by Jan 1956
APC involvement
96% peasant farmers in APC by Dec 1956
Higher liver APC system (1956)
By end of 1956, 88% peasants in higher level APC
Grain production (1953/54)
The FFYP assumed 23% increase in agricultural production
In 1953 and 1954 production only risen by less then 2%
Consequence of collectivisation - food production
Increased by 3.8% per annum
Consequences of collectivisation - grain production
Rose only 1% in 1957
Sputnik (Henan province commune)
Merged 27 collectives bring 9000 households under its control
Communes
750,000 collectives merged into 26,000 communes
Households in communes
120 million
Women working in communes
90% women laboured in agriculture between 1958-59
Commune success - harvest
Mao declared 430 million tonnes of grain harvested
Revised to 375 million before being made public (real figure probably 200 million)
Inflation rate (1949)
1000%
Inflation rate (1951)
15%
Soviet expert help (FFYP)
10,000 civilian technicians came
Soviet monetary help (FFYP)
Russian agreed to lend China $300 million
Soviet construction help (FFYP)
156 major industrial enterprises
24 electrical power stations
63 machinery plants
Chinese technicians helped (FFYP)
Russia invited 28,000 Chinese technicians to study in Russia
Grain procurement (1953)
State planned to procure 22 million tonnes of grain in 1953
Industrial output (FFYP)
Grew 18% per annum
Industrial working class (FFYP)
Grew from 6 to 10 million
Anshan steel centre (FFYP)
Attracted 35,000 workers
By 1957, was producing 2/3 China's steel
Agricultural output (FFYP)
Grew by only 2.1% per year
Steel production (1952-57)
1952: 1.3 million tonnes
1957: 5.2 million tonnes
Electrical power (1952-57)
1952: 7.2 million kWh
1957: 19.3 million kWh
Question
Answer
Urban population (1949-57)
1952: 57 million
1957: 100 million
Education (FFYP)
1957: less than 1/2 children under 16 in full-time education
How many party members were peasants? (1950s)
70%
Steel target for 1958
Raised to 10.7 million tonnes in September
Water conservancy campaign
100 million peasants involved
backyard furnaces campaign production
By Sep 1958, 14% steel came from local furnaces and by Oct 49%
Backyard furnaces campaign involvement
At its peak, reckoned that 25% of population had abandoned normal actives to take part in
Coal production (GLF)
1957: 131 million
1959: 290 million
1964: 200 million
Industrial production (GLF)
By 1962, industrial production had declined by 40% of 1958 level
Rural death rate - great famine
By 1960, 28.68 people per 1000 inhabitants ( 11.07 before)
The Great Famine deaths
20-50 million
Tibet deaths in Great Famine
25% of population wiped out
Shandong deaths in Great Famine
7.5 million
Anhui deaths in Great Famine
8 million
Henan, Hubei, Gansu, Sichuan deaths in Great Famine
9 million
Drought during Great Famine
8/12 main rivers in Shaunhdong dried up
Weather conditions during the Great Famine
Over 60% cultivated land affected by flood or drought
2 million died from drowning or starvation from destroyed crops
State procurement of grain (1957-59)
1957: 17%
1959: 28%
Grain production (1952-61) - GLF consequence
1952: 163 million tonnes
1958: 200 million tonnes
1960: 147 million tonnes
Meat production (1952-61) - GLF consequence
1952: 3.4 million tonnes
1958: 4.3 million tonnes
1961: 1.2 million tonnes
Grain production - Third Five Year Plan consequence
1960: 147 million tonnes
1965: 200 million tonnes
Industrial growth - Third Five Year Plan consequence
11% annually
Third Five Year Plan - urban population
25 million urban population forced to move to countryside
How many cadres at conference in Jan 1962?
7000
Industrial production (Third Five Year Plan)
Light industry: 27% annual growth
Heavy industry: 17% annual growth
Consumer goods production (TFYP)
Consumer good production was double 1957 level
Han Chinese Migration to Tibet
7 million forced to migrate
Maos swim in Yangtze (July 1966)
Claimed he swam 9 millions in 65 minutes
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