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Mao's China 1949-76 Theme 4 Statistics

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aayatbella
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Last updated: February 2, 2026
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First submittedFebruary 2, 2026
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Gender differentials literacy (1930s)
30% of males, age 7, could read
1% of females, age 7, could read
Gender differentials schooling (1930s)
45.2% of males had received schooling
2.2% of females had received schooling
New Marriage Law (1950) impact - young marriages
Between 1946-49, 18.6% brides were 16-17
By 1958-65, only 2.4% brides were 16-17
New Marriage Law (1950) impact - divorces
1.4 million divorce petitions in 1953
Communes - kindergarten conditions
In one in Beijing, 90% of children got sick
Great famine impact on divorces
In Gansu province, divorce rate rose by 60% in famine years
Gender inequality - work points
Men could receive up to 10
Women could receive maximum 8
New Marriage Law (1950) impact - organised marriages
1940s: 30.6% marriages organised by parents
1966-76: dropped to 0.8%
Population growth (1949-76)
1949: 540 million
1976: 940 million
Women in workplace - women reform
Quadrupled between 1949 and 1976 (8-32%) - still less than 1/3
Women's association
40,000 staff in 83 cities with official membership of 76 million
Women as party cadres
1958-66: 8-12%
1970-74: 16-21%
Rural girls in education (1929-49)
1929-49: 38% completed primary education
1959: 100% completed primary education
Primary school children (1978)
By 1978: 45% primary school children were girls
Education (1949-57) - education reform
Primary school student increased from 26 to 64 million
Life expectancy (1949-57) - healthcare reform
Life expectancy went from 36 to 57 years
How many illiterate in China in 1949?
C. 80%
Years of schooling (1930s)
Males attended 4 years of schooling
Females, who did attend school, attended for 3 years
Subjects in higher education
59% students in full-time degrees studied law/politics/liberal arts
10% students in full-time degrees studied natural sciences
11.5% students in full-time degrees studied engineering
3% students in full-time degrees studied agriculture
Winter short courses (1951-52)
Party claimed 42 million attended
Illiteracy rates (post 1952) - educational reform
78% remained illiterate
52% school age children attending primary school
Question
Answer
Literacy rates - educational reform
1949: 20%
1960: 50%
1964: 64 %
1976: 70%
Government spending on education - educational reform
1952: 6.4% total budget on culture and education
University enrolments - educational reform
Quadrupled from 117,000 to 441,000
Russians help in education - educational reform
1952-58: 600 Russians taught in Chinese college
1959: 38000 Chinese students had been trained in Russian universities
Specialist technical education facilities- educational reform
20 new polytechnics
26 new engineering institutes
Specialist education - educational reform
By 1953, 63% students in engineering, medicine, and agriculture
Commune schools - educational reform
By 1960, 30000 schools (1 per commune) with 2.9 million students
Cultural Revolution impact - educational reform
Between 1966 and 1970, 130 million young people's education stopped
Impact of Cultural Revolution - educational reform
Only 1/3 had secondary education
1% workers had degree
Healthcare spending - pre 1956 reform
Healthcare spending never rose above 2.6% of state budget until 1956
Hospitals built - healthcare reform
800 Western-type hospitals
Doctors trained - healthcare reform
1949: 40,000
1965: 150,000 with modern techniques
Doctors - healthcare reform
By 1960s, medicals schools graduating 25,000 new doctors per year
Barefoot doctors - healthcare reform
By 1973, over 1 million new doctors had been trained
Barefoot doctors involvement - healthcare reform
90% villages involved in scheme by 1976
Tiannamen square space - cultural reform
Could accommodate 500,000 (for rallies)
How many opera ballets allowed by Jinag Quing?
8
Approved works viewing - cultural reform
By 1974, the film of the opera 'Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy' had 7.3 billion viewings
Literature - cultural reform
Only 124 novels published during the period
Christian population - pre religion reform
Catholics: 3 million
Protestants: 1 million
Protestant missionaries - religious reform
1949: >3000 protestant missionaries,
Apr 1952: <100
Catholic missionaries - religious reform
Jan 1961: 3222 Catholic missionaries
Nov 1953: 364 Catholic missionaries
Crackdown on Catholic 'counter-revolutionary clique' (1955) - religious reform
1500 believers jailed
Attacks on Buddhism during Cultural Ravolution - religious reform
6000 monasteries destroyed
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