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Question
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Answer
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Gender differentials literacy (1930s)
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30% of males, age 7, could read
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1% of females, age 7, could read
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Gender differentials schooling (1930s)
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45.2% of males had received schooling
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2.2% of females had received schooling
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New Marriage Law (1950) impact - young marriages
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Between 1946-49, 18.6% brides were 16-17
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By 1958-65, only 2.4% brides were 16-17
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New Marriage Law (1950) impact - divorces
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1.4 million divorce petitions in 1953
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Communes - kindergarten conditions
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In one in Beijing, 90% of children got sick
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Great famine impact on divorces
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In Gansu province, divorce rate rose by 60% in famine years
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Gender inequality - work points
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Men could receive up to 10
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Women could receive maximum 8
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New Marriage Law (1950) impact - organised marriages
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1940s: 30.6% marriages organised by parents
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1966-76: dropped to 0.8%
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Population growth (1949-76)
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1949: 540 million
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1976: 940 million
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Women in workplace - women reform
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Quadrupled between 1949 and 1976 (8-32%) - still less than 1/3
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Women's association
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40,000 staff in 83 cities with official membership of 76 million
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Women as party cadres
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1958-66: 8-12%
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1970-74: 16-21%
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Rural girls in education (1929-49)
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1929-49: 38% completed primary education
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1959: 100% completed primary education
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Primary school children (1978)
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By 1978: 45% primary school children were girls
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Education (1949-57) - education reform
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Primary school student increased from 26 to 64 million
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Life expectancy (1949-57) - healthcare reform
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Life expectancy went from 36 to 57 years
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How many illiterate in China in 1949?
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C. 80%
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Years of schooling (1930s)
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Males attended 4 years of schooling
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Females, who did attend school, attended for 3 years
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Subjects in higher education
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59% students in full-time degrees studied law/politics/liberal arts
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10% students in full-time degrees studied natural sciences
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11.5% students in full-time degrees studied engineering
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3% students in full-time degrees studied agriculture
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Winter short courses (1951-52)
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Party claimed 42 million attended
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Illiteracy rates (post 1952) - educational reform
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78% remained illiterate
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52% school age children attending primary school
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Literacy rates - educational reform
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1949: 20%
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1960: 50%
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1964: 64 %
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1976: 70%
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Government spending on education - educational reform
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1952: 6.4% total budget on culture and education
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University enrolments - educational reform
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Quadrupled from 117,000 to 441,000
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Russians help in education - educational reform
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1952-58: 600 Russians taught in Chinese college
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1959: 38000 Chinese students had been trained in Russian universities
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Specialist technical education facilities- educational reform
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20 new polytechnics
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26 new engineering institutes
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Specialist education - educational reform
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By 1953, 63% students in engineering, medicine, and agriculture
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Commune schools - educational reform
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By 1960, 30000 schools (1 per commune) with 2.9 million students
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Cultural Revolution impact - educational reform
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Between 1966 and 1970, 130 million young people's education stopped
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Impact of Cultural Revolution - educational reform
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Only 1/3 had secondary education
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1% workers had degree
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Healthcare spending - pre 1956 reform
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Healthcare spending never rose above 2.6% of state budget until 1956
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Hospitals built - healthcare reform
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800 Western-type hospitals
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Doctors trained - healthcare reform
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1949: 40,000
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1965: 150,000 with modern techniques
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Doctors - healthcare reform
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By 1960s, medicals schools graduating 25,000 new doctors per year
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Barefoot doctors - healthcare reform
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By 1973, over 1 million new doctors had been trained
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Barefoot doctors involvement - healthcare reform
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90% villages involved in scheme by 1976
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Tiannamen square space - cultural reform
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Could accommodate 500,000 (for rallies)
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How many opera ballets allowed by Jinag Quing?
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8
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Approved works viewing - cultural reform
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By 1974, the film of the opera 'Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy' had 7.3 billion viewings
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Literature - cultural reform
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Only 124 novels published during the period
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Christian population - pre religion reform
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Catholics: 3 million
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Protestants: 1 million
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Protestant missionaries - religious reform
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1949: >3000 protestant missionaries,
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Apr 1952: <100
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Catholic missionaries - religious reform
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Jan 1961: 3222 Catholic missionaries
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Nov 1953: 364 Catholic missionaries
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Crackdown on Catholic 'counter-revolutionary clique' (1955) - religious reform
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1500 believers jailed
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Attacks on Buddhism during Cultural Ravolution - religious reform
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6000 monasteries destroyed
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