Russia, 1917-1991: from Lenin to Yeltsin - Key dates

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Last updated: February 19, 2026

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Event	Date
When was Nicholas II Tsar?	1894-1917
When was the Bolshevik party established?	1903
When did Russia enter WW1?	1914
When was the February Revolution?	February 1917
When did Nicholas II abdicate?	2nd March 1917
When was the October Revolution?	October 1917
When did the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace?	25th-26th October
When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?	1918
When was the Constituent Assembly?	January 1918
When was the Russian Civil War?	1917-1922
When was the Tenth Party Congress?	1921
When was the Decree on Land?	October 1917
When was the Decree on Peace?	October 1917
When was the Workers’ Decree?	November 1917
When was the Decree on Workers’ Control?	April 1918
When was the Cheka created?	December 1917
When was the Red Terror?	1921-22
When was the OGPU established?	1923
When was the Soviet Constitution?	1924
When did Lenin die?	21st January 1924
When was the Soviet Union formed?	December 30, 1922
When was the Triumvirate?	1923-25
When was the Duumvirate?	1925-28
When was Stalin appointed General Secretary?	1922
When was the Lenin Enrolment initiated?	1924
When was the Fifteenth Party Congress?	1927
When was the Chitska?	1932-35
When was the Great Terror?	1934-38
When was the Congress of Victors?	February 1934
When was Kirov’s murder?	1st December 1934
When was the Trial of the Sixteen?	August 1936
When was the Trial of the Seventeen?	January 1937
When was the Trial of the Twenty-One?	March 1938
When was the second Soviet Constitution?	1936
When was High Stalinism?	1945-53
When was the Mingrelian Affair?	1951
When did Stalin die?	March 5, 1953
When was amnesty issued by Beria?	27 March 1953
When was the “Secret Speech”?	25th February 1956
When was the Anti-Party Group uprising?	1957
When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?	1962
When was State Capitalism?	1917-1918
When was the Soviet Constitution under Brezhnev?	1977
When did Brezhnev die?	November 10, 1982
When was the downfall of Khrushchev?	1964
When were private banks nationalised by Lenin?	27th December 1917
When was War Communism?	1918-1921
When was the Tambov peasant revolt?	August 1920-June 1921
When was the Kronstadt sailors’ mutiny?	March 1921
When was the New Economic Policy?	1921-28
When was the Scissor Crisis?	1921-23
When was the First Five-Year Plan?	1928-32
When was the Second Five-Year Plan?	1933-37
When was the Third Five-Year Plan?	1938-41
When was collectivisation?	1928-41
When did Germany invade the USSR?	22 June 1941
When was the Fourth Five-Year Plan?	1946-50
When was the Fifth Five-Year Plan?	1951-55
When was the Seven-Year Plan?	1959-65
When were the Sovnarkhozy set up?	1957
When was the Liberman Plan?	1962
When was Sputnik launched?	1957
When was Yuri Gagarin sent into space?	1961
When was the Party divided into industrial and agricultural branches?	1962
When was the Virgin Lands Scheme?	1954-58
When was the Corn Campaign?	September 1958
When were the Kosygin reforms?	1965
When was the Ninth Five-Year Plan?	1971-75
When was media restricted?	1917-85
When were non-socialist newspapers banned?	November 1917
When was the Kyshtym disaster?	September 1957
When was the Decree on Freedom of Conscience?	1918
When was the League of Militant Godless established?	1925
When was Khrushchev’s anti-religious campaign?	1958-64
When did the GPU replace the Cheka?	1922
When was Yagoda head of the secret police?	1934-36
When was Yezhov head of the secret police?	1936-38
When was Beria head of the secret police?	1938-53
When was Trotsky killed?	1940
When was the Doctors’ Plot?	1952
When was Andropov’s suppression of dissidents?	1967-82
When was the Commissariat of Enlightenment formed?	1917
When was Proletkult?	1917-20
When was “Beat the White with the Red Wedge” published?	1918
When was Stalin’s Cultural Revolution?	1928-31
When was the Socialist Realism movement?	1930-53
When did Stalin walk out of an opera performance?	1953
When was Eisenstein’s October film released?	1927
Where were unorthodox poetry readings held?	1946
When was the World Youth Festival in Moscow?	1957

Event	Date
When was the Stilyaga campaign?	Mid 1950s
When did Khrushchev visit the art collective in the Kremlin?	1962
When was Joseph Brodsky’s trial?	1964
When was the Sinyavsky and Daniel trial?	1966
When was Solzhenitsyn expelled from the USSR?	1974
When was the “Bulldozer Exhibition”?	September 1974
When was the Declaration of the Rights of Toiling and Exploited People?	1918
When was the Labour Law introduced?	1922
When was absenteeism made a criminal offence?	1939
When were unemployment benefits cancelled?	October 1930
When was rent reintroduced?	1921
When was the lice-spread typhus issue?	1918-20
When was the minimum wage introduced?	1956
When was the working week reduced?	1957
When were uprisings in Hungary?	1956
When was unrest in Poland?	1980
When was the Temirtau protest?	1959
When were protests over food prices?	1962
When was the bomb on the Moscow metro?	1977
When was the Brezhnev assassination attempt?	1969
When was Valentina Tereshkova sent into space?	1963
When was the baba banned?	1918
When was the campaign against veiling of women launched?	International Women's Day 1927
When was Zhenotdel established?	1919
When was Zhenotdel shut down?	1930
When was the BAM recruitment campaign?	1974
When were women given the vote?	1917
When was the first female Presidium member appointed?	1957
When were postcard divorces introduced?	1926
When was Lenin’s Family Code introduced?	1918
When was Stalin’s Great Retreat?	1936-53
When was abortion legalised?	1955
When was Brezhnev’s Family Code introduced?	1968
When was the Commissariat of Education established?	1917
When was the decree on illiteracy?	1919
When were Khrushchev’s educational reforms?	1958
When did teachers lose the right to expel underachieving students?	June 1962
When was Khrushchev’s education law?	December 1959
When was the principle of equal pay passed into law?	December 1917
When were internal passports extended to collective workers?	1974
When was Narkompros established?	1917
When were church schools taken over by the state?	1918
When was the campaign for the “liquidation of illiteracy”?	1919
When was the basic pattern of Soviet schooling established?	1944
When did school transport become state-funded?	1965
When were tuition fees in place?	1940-56
When was eight years of compulsory education established?	1958
When was the quota system for higher education introduced?	1929
When was the quota system for education abandoned?	1935
When did history exams have to be cancelled?	1955
When was Gorbachev elected General Secretary?	1985
When was the Novosibirsk Report?	1983
When was Grigory Romanov dismissed?	July 1985
When were Yeltsin and Yakovlev promoted to the Central Committee?	1986
When was the Twelfth Five-Year Plan?	1986-90
When was the Plenum of the Central Committee?	January 1987
When was perestroika introduced?	January 1987
When was the encouragement of joint ventures?	January 1987
When was the Law on State Enterprises?	June 1987
When were co-operatives legalised?	1988
When did the State Commission on Economic Reform issue a report?	July 1989
When was the Chernobyl disaster?	April 26, 1986
When was glasnost introduced?	the Twenty-Seventh Party Congress in 1986
When was the Nineteenth Conference of the Communist Party?	June 1988
When was the election of the new Congress of People’s Deputies?	March 1989
When did Yeltsin challenge the privileges of the Communist Party?	1987
When was Yeltsin removed from the Politburo?	February 1988
When was Article 6 abolished?	March 1990
When was the Brezhnev Doctrine ended?	December 1988
When did Hungary adopt a multiparty system?	1989
When did Solidarity win in Poland?	June 1989
When was János Kádár sacked?	1988
When was the Berlin Wall dismantled?	9th November 1989
When was Václav Havel elected President of Czechoslovakia?	December 1989
When was Nicolae Ceaușescu arrested and executed in Romania?	1989
When was the Nagorno-Karabakh violence?	1988
When did Popular Fronts win majorities in the Baltic states?	1990
When was the Vilnius attack?	January 1991
When was the New Union Treaty?	1991
When was Yeltsin elected President of Russia?	1991
When was the August Coup?	August 18, 1991
When did Gorbachev receive the Nobel Peace Prize?	1990
When was the Armenian earthquake?	1988
When did Yeltsin resign from the Communist Party?	July 1990
When did Yeltsin declare Russian sovereignty?	June 1990
When was the Commonwealth of Independent States implemented?	December 1991
When did Gorbachev resign?	25th December 1991
When was the USSR dissolved?	26th December 1991
When did Yeltsin suspend Communist activities in Russia?	August 1991
When did Yeltsin ban the Communist Party in Russia?	November 1991

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