Biggest Cities in Texas before the Civil War on a Map

Historically a very rural state, the population grew steadily as cattle ranching, cotton farming, and rail expansion attracted settlers, fostering the emergence of important urban centres, with only a handful reaching notable size by 1860. Can you name biggest settlements of Texas in that year?
Several of these communities no longer exist or are no longer incorporated.
Population estimates mostly according to the US Census of 1860 (incomplete). Other sources listed in this Pastebin.
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Dekkie
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Last updated: October 11, 2025
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First submittedOctober 11, 2025
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Population
City
8,235
San Antonio
7,307
Galveston
4,845
Houston
3,494
Austin
2,734
Brownsville
1,986
Victoria
1,938
Palestine
1,863
Harrisburg
1,851
Lynchburg
1,740
New Braunfels
1,411
Marshall
1,256
Laredo
1,212
Goliad
Population
City
1,200
Fredericksburg
1,150
Indianola
1,107
Bastrop
1,103
Gonzales
1,052
San Elizario
1,021
Tyler
1,003
Paris
988
Jefferson
939
Huntsville
920
Brenham
856
Seguin
815
La Grange
769
Ysleta
Population
City
753
Socorro
749
Waco
705
Henderson
678
Dallas
677
Anderson
644
Boston
621
Sulphur Springs
613
Sherman
609
Fairfield
597
Matagorda
584
Liberty
529
Gilmer
Population
City
526
Lavaca
523
McKinney
522
Eagle Pass
512
Richmond
511
San Jacinto
505
Columbus
485
Nacogdoches
479
Roma
477
Bonham
458
Castroville
441
San Augustine
439
Rio Grande City
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