Biggest Cities of Europe in 500 AD with a Map

With the help of a map, can you name the most populous cities of Europe with an estimated population of over 4,000 in 500 AD?
Click on the map to zoom in.
Sources used for population estimates listed in this Pastebin.
Both historical and modern-day names accepted.
Quiz by
Dekkie
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Last updated: February 13, 2025
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First submittedApril 25, 2024
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Population
City
400,000
Constantinople
(Istanbul)
200,000
Roma
(Rome)
35,000
Thessalonica
(Thessaloniki)
20,000
Corinthus
(Archaia Korinthos)
20,000
Syracusae
(Syracuse)
15,000
Mediolanum
(Milan)
15,000
Neapolis
(Naples)
12,000
Capua
10,000
Agrigentum
(Agrigento)
10,000
Athenae
(Athens)
10,000
Philippopolis
(Plovdiv)
10,000
Ravenna
10,000
Toletum
(Toledo)
9,000
Corduba
(Córdoba)
8,000
Beroea
(Veria)
8,000
Augusta Emerita
(Mérida)
8,000
Cnossus
(Knossos)
8,000
Gortyna
(Gortyn)
8,000
Philippi
(Filippoi)
8,000
Thespiae
(Thespies)
8,000
Tuida
(Sliven)
7,000
Astigi
(Écija)
Population
City
7,000
Hadrianopolis
(Edirne)
7,000
Maximianopolis
(Komotini)
7,000
Odessus
(Varna)
6,000
Acanthus
(Ierissos)
6,000
Anchialus
(Pomorie)
6,000
Catana
(Catania)
6,000
Diocletianopolis
(Hisarya)
6,000
Messana
(Messina)
6,000
Salona
(Solin)
6,000
Scodra
(Shkodër)
6,000
Tanagra
6,000
Thebae
(Thebes)
5,000
Amphipolis
(Amfipoli)
5,000
Arretium
(Arezzo)
5,000
Augusta Taurinorum
(Turin)
5,000
Beneventum
(Benevento)
5,000
Brundisium
(Brindisi)
5,000
Buthrotum
(Butrint)
5,000
Caralis
(Cagliari)
5,000
Cassandrea
(Nea Poteidaia)
5,000
Caesaraugusta
(Zaragoza)
5,000
Develtus
(Debelt)
Population
City
5,000
Dyrrhachium
(Durrës)
5,000
Heraclea
(Marmara Ereğlisi)
5,000
Lugdunum
(Lyon)
5,000
Marcianopolis
(Devnya)
5,000
Maronea
(Maroneia)
5,000
Masilia
(Marseille)
5,000
Mettis
(Metz)
5,000
Mutina
(Modena)
5,000
Nicopolis
(Preveza)
5,000
Pisae
(Pisa)
5,000
Portus
(Fiumicino)
5,000
Regium
(Reggio Calabria)
5,000
Spalis
(Seville)
5,000
Thermae Himeraeae
(Termini Imerese)
5,000
Ticinum
(Pavia)
5,000
Tolosa
(Toulouse)
5,000
Treveris
(Trier)
5,000
Verona
4,000
Abdera
4,000
Amantia
(Ploç)
4,000
Ancona
4,000
Ariminium
(Rimini)
Population
City
4,000
Argos
4,000
Asculum
(Ascoli Piceno)
4,000
Balsa
(Tavira)
4,000
Bracara Augusta
(Braga)
4,000
Constantiana
(Constanța)
4,000
Edessa
4,000
Forum Cornelii
(Imola)
4,000
Ganus
(Shumen)
4,000
Genua
(Genoa)
4,000
Hadria
(Atri)
4,000
Hasta Regia
(Jerez de la Frontera)
4,000
Interamna Nahars
(Terni)
4,000
Larissa
4,000
Lilybaeum
(Marsala)
4,000
Lissus
(Lezhë)
4,000
Luca
(Lucca)
4,000
Panormus
(Palermo)
4,000
Parisios
(Paris)
4,000
Pictavium
(Poitiers)
4,000
Regium Lepidi
(Reggio Emilia)
4,000
Traianopolis
(Traianopolis)
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3 Comments
+1
Level 56
Jan 1, 2025
Please note that this is in the middle of the Dark Ages, and that it's pretty much the most difficult medieval period to get population estimates for, as most of my data starts around 700 AD.

Most of Europe at this time was devastated and depopulated due the barbarian invasions, which made it very difficult to collect data for the region. Events that caused other major demographic changes, like the Plague of Justinian (the death toll of which is still unclear), the Gothic War of 535-554 that depopulated the Italian peninsula and the Avar–Byzantine wars of the late 6th century/early 7th century in the Balkans that caused much destruction and leveled many urban centres were also yet to occur.

This means that information here might indeed be subject to error, but there's unfortunately not much I can do about that.

+1
Level 69
Apr 30, 2026
Crazy to think Constantinople (and to a lesser extend Rome) had more then ten times the population of the third largest cities.

If you would apply that to modern cities with London/Paris comming in for third place in Europe at roughly 10 million peoples it woudl mean that Istanbul would have 100 mio inhabitants (more than Germany, same region as the whole of Turkey) and Moscow at number two would sit pretty at roughly 50 mio People

+1
Level 56
Apr 30, 2026
Very much a low point for European urbanism, but probably not the nadir considering both the destructive Gothic War in Italy and Avar invasions in Eastern Europe were yet to happen at this point, ravaging many of the settlements listed in this quiz.

This includes Rome, which possibly dropped to as low as few thousand in the mid-6th century, making Constantinople the only city with over 40,000 people on the continent at time.