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Biggest Cities of the Midwestern United States in 1860 with a Map

Try to name the 100 most populous cities in the Midwestern United States in 1860, a year before the Civil War.
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Population estimates mostly according to the US Census of 1860 (incomplete). Full list of sources used listed in this Pastebin.
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Dekkie
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Last updated: February 6, 2026
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First submittedFebruary 6, 2026
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Illinois
 
 
112,172
Chicago
 
 
14,045
Peoria
 
 
13,718
Quincy
 
 
9,320
Springfield
 
 
8,196
Galena
 
 
7,520
Belleville
 
 
7,104
Joliet
 
 
7,075
Bloomington
 
 
6,979
Rockford
 
 
6,332
Alton
 
 
6,011
Aurora
 
 
5,541
Ottawa
 
 
5,528
Jacksonville
 
 
5,376
Freeport
 
 
5,130
Rock Island
 
 
4,953
Galesburg
 
 
3,993
LaSalle
 
 
3,839
Decatur
 
 
3,467
Pekin
 
 
3,433
Waukegan
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indiana
 
 
18,611
Indianapolis
 
 
12,647
New Albany
 
 
11,484
Evansville
 
 
9,387
Lafayette
 
 
9,121
Fort Wayne
 
 
8,594
Terre Haute
 
 
8,130
Madison
 
 
6,603
Richmond
 
 
5,028
La Porte
 
 
4,020
Jeffersonville
 
 
3,960
Vincennes
 
 
3,832
South Bend
 
 
3,599
Lawrenceburg
Iowa
13,000
Dubuque
11,267
Davenport
8,136
Keokuk
6,706
Burlington
5,324
Muscatine
5,214
Iowa City
4,393
Oskaloosa
3,965
Des Moines
3,530
Mount Pleasant
 
 
Kansas
7,429
Leavenworth
 
 
Michigan
45,619
Detroit
8,085
Grand Rapids
6,213
Adrian
6,070
Kalamazoo
5,097
Ann Arbor
4,799
Jackson
4,371
Port Huron
3,955
Ypsilanti
3,892
Monroe
3,580
Marshall
3,508
Battle Creek
 
 
Minnesota
10,401
Saint Paul
 
 
Missouri
160,773
St. Louis
8,932
St. Joseph
6,505
Hannibal
4,418
Kansas City
4,122
Lexington
3,993
Carondelet
Ohio
161,044
Cincinnati
43,417
Cleveland
20,081
Dayton
18,554
Columbus
13,768
Toledo
9,229
Zanesville
8,408
Sandusky
7,626
Chillicothe
7,223
Hamilton
7,002
Springfield
6,480
Pomeroy
6,268
Portsmouth
6,154
Steubenville
4,675
Newark
4,658
Xenia
4,616
Piqua
4,581
Mansfield
4,383
Circleville
4,323
Marietta
4,303
Lancaster
4,202
Mount Vernon
4,041
Canton
3,992
Tiffin
3,889
Delaware
3,819
Massillon
3,691
Ironton
3,510
Fremont
3,477
Akron
 
 
Wisconsin
45,246
Milwaukee
7,822
Racine
7,703
Janesville
6.611
Madison
6,086
Oshkosh
5,450
Fond du Lac
5,302
Watertown
4,262
Sheboygan
4,098
Beloit
3,990
Kenosha
3,860
La Crosse
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