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Languages of the Ottoman Empire with a Map

With the help of a map, can you guess all languages that were spoken within the Ottoman Empire in 1593?
Click on the map to zoom in.
Not including the Sultanate of Aceh.
According to own research. Note that this map may not be 100% accurate.
Quiz by
Dekkie
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Last updated: February 20, 2022
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First submittedAugust 5, 2021
Times taken20,114
Average score23.9%
Rating4.62
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Afro-Asiatic
Afar
Amharic
Arabic
Beja
Agaw
Coptic
Harari
Mandaic
Oromo
Saho
Somali
Suret
Tigrinya
Berber
Eastern Middle Atlas
Figuig
Ghadamès
Jaghbub
Jalu
East Zenati Languages
Kabyle
Mzab-Wargla
Nafusa
Shawiya
Shenwa
Siwi
Sokna
Tamazight
Tmassa
Tuareg
 
Germanic
Crimean Gothic
German
Yiddish
 
 
Hellenic
Greek
Tsakonian
 
Indo-Iranian
Domari
Gorani
Jassic
Kurdish
Luri
Ossetian
Persian
Romani
Talysh
Tat
Zaza
 
Kartvelian
Georgian
Mingrelian
Laz
Svan
Nilo-Saharan
Eastern Jebel Languages
Gumuz
Kunama
Nilotic Languages
Nubian Languages
 
Northeast Caucasian
Aghul
Archi
Avar
Bats
Budukh
Chechen
Dargwa
Ingush
Khinalug
Lak
Lezgian
Rutul
Tabasaran
Tsakhur
Tsezic
Udi
Northwest Caucasian
Abaza
Abkhaz
Adyghe
Ubykh
 
Romance
Aromanian
Dalmatian
Italian
Judeo-Spanish
Latin
Romanian
 
Slavic
Bulgarian
Ruthenian
Serbo-Croatian
Turkic
Azerbaijani
Balkan Gagauz Turkish
Crimean Tatar
Cuman
Krymchak
Kumyk
Nogai
Ottoman Turkish
Urum
 
Uralic
Hungarian
 
Other Languages
Albanian
Armenian
Cappadocian Greek
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36 Comments
Afghabwe
+3
Level 39
Aug 5, 2021
osman
JohnnyYeet
+7
Level 66
Aug 6, 2021
Just "tatar" for Crimean Tatar?
Dekkie
+7
Level 56
Aug 6, 2021
Should work now.
MaxStickies
+7
Level 80
Aug 6, 2021
Great quiz, though I only got 26.
Dekkie
+5
Level 56
Aug 6, 2021
Thanks!
Josiah
+5
Level 58
Aug 7, 2021
Good quiz! I didn't do very well though:(
Dekkie
+3
Level 56
Aug 7, 2021
Thank you!
bestanford
+3
Level 73
Aug 13, 2021
Awesome quiz!
Dekkie
+3
Level 56
Aug 13, 2021
Thanks!
kalbahamut
+5
Level 79
Aug 13, 2021
Why are Domari, Romani, and Latin all greyed out and filled in? I missed over 60 answers, but I typed in all 3 of those. I also typed "Copt" but not "Coptic," maybe that could be added as a type-in?
Dekkie
+11
Level 56
Aug 13, 2021
The exact locations for where Domari and Romani were spoken are completely unknown. Latin was also a spoken and administrative language with relatively unknown spread in the former Kingdom of Hungary. I will add Copt as a type-in for Coptic though.
Anderis
+5
Level 76
Aug 13, 2021
You could add Gothic- it was spoken in Crimea until XVIII century.
Dekkie
+7
Level 56
Aug 13, 2021
Interesting. This language has been added (as Crimean Gothic).
Kiza
+5
Level 57
Aug 13, 2021
Nice quiz. You should also add Rusyn for Ruthenian.
Dekkie
+6
Level 56
Aug 13, 2021
Thanks, but the Ruthenian language in this quiz is a different language from modern Rusyn.
MrToad
+6
Level 64
Aug 14, 2021
Nice work!

Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) was the majority language in Salonika by this time and was spoken by other Jewish communities across the Ottoman lands.

Also, I'd agree with Kiza that Rusyn (and Ukrainian) are close enough to 'Ruthenian' for me - languages evolve, and Transylvanian Saxon and modern Turkish for instance are some way away from German and Ottoman Turkish respectively, but it's your quiz!

Dekkie
+7
Level 56
Aug 14, 2021
Thanks! I'll make sure to add Ladino to Thessaloniki then. Of course languages evolve, but the problem is that only by the 17th/18th century did the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Rusyn languages become distinct. It's complicated.
Felix1958
+5
Level 31
Aug 14, 2021
Awesome quiz!
stalintime
+5
Level 81
Feb 20, 2022
It's already not bad in this regard, but still needs more type-ins in my opinion. I'm thinking specifically "Rusyn" for Ruthenian and simply "Lur" for Luri
Dekkie
+3
Level 56
Feb 20, 2022
Currently reworking this quiz and taking leniency into account! I don't agree however with concensus that Old Ruthenian is the same language as Rusyn, which is also called Ruthenian is some cases.
Relox84
+7
Level 69
Feb 20, 2022
Amazing work! Though I do think "Nubian" could be accepted for "Nubian languages", and maybe "Tsez" for "Tsezic" ?
Dekkie
+5
Level 56
Feb 20, 2022
Thanks! Whoops, yeah this was supposed to be the case but I forgot to manually add that while updating this. This has been fixed.
Yraldar
+5
Level 67
May 3, 2022
great quiz, it should be featured. Surprised to see no hebrew, though.
hwes
+1
Level 89
Jan 11, 2026
Hebrew was a"dead" language at the time -- used mostly for liturgical purposes only. It would be "resurrected" in the late 19th century.
bestanford
+2
Level 73
May 10, 2022
Bro it's not cool how you just plain made up like 30 languages.

Like bro look me in the eye and tell me there are people who speak Zaza. Tell me there's a real thing called Udi.

evilcheeser
+19
Level 77
May 10, 2022
Bro like use Google bro.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaza_language

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udi_language

thread
+8
Level 67
May 11, 2022
Okay, show your eye so I can look at it
Geoshart
+2
Level 47
Sep 16, 2022
I think "Nuba", "Tigre", and "Amhara" should be accepted. Great quiz nonetheless, love your stuff
Dekkie
+5
Level 56
Sep 16, 2022
Thanks! I have added all of these except for Tigre, considering it's a different language and ethnic group from Tigrinya.
maur85
+1
Level 73
Dec 15, 2022
Venetian?
AllenY
+1
Level 68
May 6, 2023
would you accept assyrian and chaldean for suret?
PeregrineFalcon
+1
Level 79
Oct 6, 2024
Amazing quiz as always! Shouldn't Cappadocian Greek be under Hellenic?
Ema1331
+1
Level 43
Oct 6, 2024
What about pomak (bulgaria, North macedonia, greece)? Too few datas?
TheMann
+5
Level 57
Nov 15, 2024
Excelent quizz Dekkie, nominated bro!

Could you share your source citing that Caucasian Urum was spoken in Georgia during the late 16th century? To my understanding the substrate of Anatolian Turkish that would become Anatolian Urum would only arrive in the region during the 19th century, however I'm well aware I could be wrong.

Thanks!

Dekkie
+4
Level 56
Nov 15, 2024
Thanks! I believe you're correct here, yes. The video source I used (The History of the Turkic Languages) appears to show the substrate arriving way too early.

I will fix this mistake when I find the time to redraw this map, but thank you for letting me know about this so I can keep it in mind for then.

john1251
+1
Level 30
Jan 26, 2026
"Nafusi" should be accepted instead of "Nafusa"
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