| Definition | Keyword | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| A microorganism that causes disease | Pathogen | 76%
|
| An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another | Vector | 68%
|
| Swelling and redness of tissue caused by infection | Inflammation | 57%
|
| A rapid spread of disease through a high proportion of the population | Epidemic | 48%
|
| A large polysaccharide deposit that blocks old phloem sieve tubes | Callose | 43%
|
| Passing a pathogen from host to new host, with no immediary | Direct transmission | 43%
|
| Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninfected individual | Transmission | 40%
|
| Specific proteins released by plasma cells that can attach to pathogenic antigens | Antibodies | 38%
|
| Selection of a specific B or T cell that is specific to the antigen | Clonal selection | 35%
|
| A type of white blood cell that engulfs foreign matter and traps it in a large vacuole (phagosome), which fuses with lysosomes to digest the foreign matter | Neutrophil | 35%
|
| Immunity achieved when antibodies are passed to the individual through breast feeding or injection | Passive | 35%
|
| Passing a pathogen from host to new host, via a vector | Indirect transmission | 34%
|
| Derived from the B lymphocytes, these are cells that manufacture antibodies | Plasma cells | 34%
|
| Antibodies that render toxins harmless | Anti-toxins | 31%
|
| A cell that isolates the antigen from a pathogen and places it on the plasma membrane so that it can be recognised by other cells in the immune system | Antigen-presenting cell | 30%
|
| Immunity that is achieved through normal life processes | Natural | 30%
|
| Immunity that is achieved as a result of medical intervention | Artificial immunity | 28%
|
| Cells that remain in the blood for a long time, providing long-term immunity | B memory cells | 28%
|
| An increase in the number of cells by mitoic cell division | Clonal expansion | 24%
|
| Cells that attack and destroy our own body cells that are infected by a pathogen | T killer cells | 24%
|
| A way of stimulating an immune response so that immunity is achieved | Vaccination | 24%
|
| Hormone-like molecules used in cell signalling to stimulate the immune response | Cytokines | 23%
|
| Cells that remain in the blood for a long time, providing long-term immunity | T memory cells | 23%
|
| Proteins that bind to the antigen on a pathogen and then allow phagocytes to bind | Opsonins | 22%
|
| Antibodies that cause pathogens to stick together | Agglutinins | 21%
|
| Cells that release signalling molecules to stimulate the immune response | T helper cells | 18%
|
| A chemical which prevents the growth of microorganisms | Antibiotic | 16%
|
| Those that prevent pathogens entering the body | Primary defences | 16%
|
| A more rapid and vigorous response caused by a second or subsequent infection by the same pathogen | Secondary immune response | 15%
|
| Where the immune system is activated and manufactures its own antibodies | Active immunity | 14%
|
| The intial response caused by a first infection | Primary immune response | 14%
|
| Specialised epithelial tissue that is covered by mucas | Mucus membrane | 12%
|
| Vaccinating all the people i the immediate vicinity of the new case | Ring vaccination | 12%
|
| Cells that are involved with inhibiting or ending the immune response | T regulator cells | 11%
|
| Using a vaccine to provide immunity to all or almost all of the population at risk | Herd vaccination | 10%
|
| Signalling molecules that are used to communicate between different white blood cells | Interleukins | 10%
|