A Level Biology - Transport in animals

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Last updated: April 26, 2018

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Definition	Keyword
The movement of substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste and heart around the body	Transport
One in which the blood flows through the heart twice for each circuit of the body	Double circulatory system
The enzyme that catalyses the combination of carbon dioxide and water	Carbonic anhydrase
One in which the blood flows through the heart once for each circuit of the body	Single circulatory system
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart	Arteries
One in which the blood is not held in vessels	Open circulatory system
The fluid held in the lymphatic system, which is a system of tubes that returns excess tissue fluid to the blood system	Lymph
Valves between the atria and the ventricles, which ensure that blood flows in the correct direction	Atrio-ventricular valves
One in which the blood is held in vessels	Closed circulatory system
Very small blood vessels with very thin walls	Capillaries
Small blood vessels that distribute blood from an artery to the capillaries	Arterioles
The fluid used to transport materials around the body	Blood
Small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and lead into the veins	Venules
Muslce that can initiate its own contraction	Myogenic
The fluid portion of the blood	Plasma
The fluid surrounding the cells and tissue	Tissue fluid

Definition	Keyword
A trace that records the electrical activity of the heart	Electrocardiogram
Vesselos that carry blood back to the heart	Veins
A strong attraction	Affinity
Specialised muscle found in the walls of the heart chambers	Cardiac muscle
The pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container	Hydrostatic pressure
The compound formed by the buffering action of the haemoglobin as it combines with excess hydrogen ions	Haemoglobinic acid
Valves that prevent blood re-entering the heart from the arteries	Semilunar valves
Small patch of tissue that sends out waves of electrical excitation at regular intervals in order to initiate contractions	Sino-atrial node
Consists of specially adapted muscle fibres that conduct the wave of excitation from the AVN down the septum to the ventricles	Purkinje fibres
The sequence of events in one full beat of the heart	Cardiac cycle
The movement of chloride ions into the erythrocytes to balance the charge as hydrogencarbonate ions leave the cell	Chloride shift
Means releasing the oxygen from the oxyhaemoglobin	Dissociation
The red pigment used to transport oxygen in the blood	Haemoglobin
The pressure created by the osmotic efects of the solutes	Oncotic pressure
The type of haemoglobin usually found only in the fetus	Fetal haemoglobin
The effect that extra carbon dioxide has on the haemoglobin, explaining the release of more oxygen	Bohr effect