A Level PE - The Respiratory System 1.2

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Last updated: January 24, 2018

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Definition	Keyword
The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to an area of low concentration or partial pressure	Diffusion
Volume of air breathed in or out per breath (increases during exercise)	Tidal Volume
Volume of air breathed in or out per minute (increases during exercise)	Minute ventilation
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath (decreases during exercise)	Inspiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath (slightly decreases during exercise)	Expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration (remains the same during exercise)	Residual volume
The movement of oxygen from the air into blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air	Gaseous exchange

Definition	Keyword
A device that is used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs	Spirometer
The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases	Partial pressure
The steeper this gradient, the faster diffusion occurs	Concentration diffusion gradient
Microscopic hair-like projections that help sweep away fluids and particles	Cilia
Long-term, progressive disease of the lungs, caused by smoking, that results in shortness of breath	Emphysema
The greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath	Vital capacity