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1. Strait of Messina: Sicily to the Italian mainland
There have been plans, however.
2. Øresund: Zealand (Denmark) to the Swedish mainland
A combination of a bridge and a tunnel opened in 2000.
3. Cook Strait: the North Island to the South Island (New Zealand)
4. Dardanelles: the Gallipoli peninsula to the Troad peninsula (Turkey)
The 1915 Çanakkale bridge opened only in March 2022.
6. The English Channel: Great Britain to the French mainland
The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994.
7. Strait of Bali: Bali to Java (Indonesia)
8. The Solent: Isle of Wight to Great Britain
9. Strait of Gibraltar: Spain to Morocco
10. Vancouver Island to the Canadian mainland
11. Bahrain to the Saudi Arabian mainland
The King Fahd Causeway opened in 1986.
12. Strait of Kerch: the Crimea (Ukraine, occupied by Russia) to the Taman peninsula (Russia)
The Soviets built a bridge in 1944, but it was destroyed in 1945 by ice sheets. The new bridge opened in 2020.
13. Bosporus: the Çatalya peninsula to the Kocaeli peninsula (Turkey)
There are two tunnels and three bridges. The first opened in 1973.
14. Tsugaru Strait: Hokkaido to Honshu (Japan)
15. Kanmon Straits: Kyushu to Honshu (Japan)
The Kanmon Bridge was opened in 1973.