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1. Waterspouts turn into tornadoes when they reach land.
Fair-weather waterspouts will not, but atmospheric conditions beneficial to tornadic activity can sustain a waterspout over land.
True
False
2. Overpasses are safe places to shelter under during a tornado.
This myth was propagated by a survivor who attributed their success to this maneuver. In reality, it was a combination of luck and is a great example of survivorship bias.
True
False
3. Heat lightning produces no thunder and can happen without a cloud.
Heat lightning is no different than ordinary lightning. The difference here is that the observer is usually too far away to hear thunder and that it often occurs in the evenings when light scattering can hide the clouds in haze.
False
True
4. You can tell which direction lower pressure is by putting your back to the wind and pointing left in the northern hemisphere.
See Buys Ballot's Law. The opposite is true in the southern hemisphere. Technically, it's not at a right angle to your torso, you need to add about 30° to make it accurate due to friction.
True
False
5. You can determine how far away lightning is by counting the seconds between seeing lightning and hearing thunder.
This can differ based on the state of the atmosphere, but generally every 5 seconds between the flash and thunder is 1 mile.
False
True
6. Wet air is less buoyant than dry air.
A water vapor molecule has at atomic weight of 18 and atmospheric oxygen is 32, meaning that all else being equal, the more saturated air is less dense.
True
False
7. Lightning doesn't strike the same place twice.
This is why lightning rods were invented. otherwise, once your building was struck once, you would never need another one.
False
True
8. If the sky is red at sunset, then you can expect fair weather. If it is red at sunrise, you can expect poor weather.
High pressure is synonymous with fair weather, usually, and causes are to sink and become stable. Because pollutants can no longer escape, the setting sun has more molecules to refract off of when the high pressure is from the west. The opposite is true in the morning where a red sky means that the high pressure has passed to the east.
True
False
9. Lightning can be generated in ash clouds from a volcano.
The clouds are called pyrocumulus or flammgenitus.
False
True
10. Opening your windows before a tornado can equalize the pressure and prevent your house from exploding.
Unless your house is a vacuum, this isn't going to make a difference. Always seek shelter first, and don't stop to open your windows.
True
False
11. Water swirls in your toilet one way in the northern hemisphere, and the opposite in the southern hemisphere due to the Coriolis Force.
This is often attributed to the Coriolis Force but the Coriolis Force only has appreciable changes over very long distances. The angle of the jets of your toilet have far more impact.
False
True
12. You can tell the temperature based on a cricket's chirps.
Known as Dolbear's Law, count the amount of chirps in 14 seconds and add 40 for the temperature in Fahrenheit.
False
True
13. Large cities prevent tornadoes because the terrain is not flat enough.
There are plenty of examples of tornadoes in large cities. Three touched down in New York City in 20120.
False
True
14. The most dangerous part of a hurricane or typhoon is the wind.
While the wind can be dangerous, most deaths and damage occur due to flooding.
False
True
15. Wind doesn't make a sound until it contacts an object.