Siberia isn't really "northern and eastern region of Russia", just the area east of the Urals. Northern Asia, yes. But just Eastern Russia. The southernmost parts of Siberia are at the same latitude as Central Germany and noticeably south of Moscow.
It's different than that. Rostov-on-Don's official name is Rostov-on-Don, unlike say Washington. The reason it sounds strange is because it's translated from Russian: its Russian name is Rostov-na-Donu.
@platitude Not really. Grad means city or town in Russian. If New York State were named New York City State, leaving it at New York City when talking about the state would be misleading. The city of Kaliningrad (Königsberg) has a very long and well known history in Europe.
It was called Sankt Peterburg when it was founded in 1703. The name was changed to Petrograd in 1914 because it sounded too German and Russia was at war with Germany at the time. In 1924, it was renamed Leningrad for obvious reasons. In 1991, the original name Sankt Peterburg (Saint Petersburg) was restored. By the way, the oblast around it is still called Leningrad Oblast.
Jerry probably knows all that. All he was trying to say is that the city had two names during the communist era, and that Petrograd should at least be accepted.
I was about to say that Novaya Zemlya is larger than Sakhalin, which it is, but then I saw that it's made up of two close islands: the Severny and Yuzhny islands. That's my new fact of the day!
"What is the name of the vast northern and eastern region of Russia?" is a little bit ambiguous. It could be undestood as a question for the vast northern and eastern federal subject, which is Chukotka. So please either accept it as well or rephrase the question.
Paris-on-Seine
Moscow-on-Moscow
Rome-on-Tiber