Reagan didn't end the cold war -- Gorbachev did. When I saw Culture Wars as a clue I thought of Buchanan or Falwell not Warren. Perhaps Brown vs Board would've been a better clue.
I agree with you, but the clue doesn't say "what they did," the clue says "known for." Reagan is known for ending the cold war, the same way Al Gore is known for claiming to invent the Internet, even if neither did those things.
If we wanted to make the clues about what impact these people *actually* had I would list for Reagan "selling out the United States to Wall Street and corporations, paving the way for the ultimate end of American Democracy sometimes around March, 2017 or TBD."
Do you actually believe that? Ronald Reagan was an actor and then a corporate spokesman before getting into politics. He was good at *acting* like a strong and competent and in-control leader... that's what he trained to do... but Wall Street had him on a very short leash.
and I am not disputing that the Bushes and Clintons were also very Wall St friendly but they just continued the dismantling of Theodore Roosevelt's legacy that Reagan started.
I'm not being partisan. You are. Which is why you feel that I am being partisan. If realistic fact-based statements about a person or someone who belongs to a specific political party makes you feel defensive... you might be a partisan.
Reagan saved this country from a series of disasterous presidencies starting in the late 1960's. He turned the economy around, gave people a reason to fell good about themselves and helped hasten the end of the Cold War. The USA has never been a democracy and is and still remains a Republic--the reduction of our freedoms have come after Reagan was president--particularly Clinton, G.W. Bush and Obama. Reagan worked with people of all political beliefs and got things done by compromise--something that is practically unheard of these days.
Kennedy was a much better president than Reagan. Reagan didn't save us from anything. His policies were mostly about helping the wealthy and deregulating corporations and banks - policies which led to multiple economic recessions in the short term and contributed to near economic collapse in the long term. He also helped lay the groundwork for the infusion of corporate money into American politics and the increased partisanship of American media. Reagan did not make the United States a Republic, that has nothing to do with what I was talking about, but he very much weakened the wall between oligarchs and the levers of power that had been erected in previous decades. That weakening has led to an America where Congressmen and presidents are so shamelessly corrupt and self-serving, and an electorate is so ignorant and misled that they don't know or care, that it's hard to imagine the democratic institutions of the country surviving much longer without a sharp course correction.
I think that both were good for there times and while I personally prefer Reagan, I do think that Kennedy did a lot of good mostly in the civil rights and foreign policy department. While Reagan was much better with economics (at the time it worked). The democratic institutions will not collapse it will take much more than one or two bad presidents to make it collapse and it's very silly to blame Reagan for all of the problems today.
I agree that "culture war" doesn't make sense. It's not a term commonly associated with Warren so I feel like it's misleading. Maybe using "Brown v. Board of Education" or even just "Supreme Court" would be a better clue?
The only justification for that clue is that court cases like that became a hot-button issue, thus issuing in another form of a culture war? Otherwise, yeah, it is a bit vague
Yes he did! If Gorbachev ended the the Cold War Russia would still be the USSR and Eastern Europe would be under communist control.
Talk to anyone who lived in Eastern Europe or the USSR under communism. Today Reagan is a folk hero to them.
Unless of course you are implying that Gorbachev ended the Cold War by losing to Reagan's strategy? But that would be like saying the South is responsible for ending slavery by losing to the North.
No, he didn't. Gorbachev did. Reagan flourished in the Cold War environment, he would've loved for it to be going on forever. The CW was not about winnig or losing, it was about continuing, mantaining the balance that kept both systems alive. The USSR did it (mainly) by crushing peoples revolutions in Eastern Europe, the USA did it (mainly) crushing governments elected by people in South America. Reagan did nothing to end those ways. Gorbachev stopped it and brought the system down. That's it. And BTW, "asking Eastern Europe peoples" about it doesn't mean much: in Poland they credit only the Pope, in Eastern Germany they regretted everything after one year, in Russia they basically elected a former KGB man as their emperor for life.
I traveled and lived in Eastern Europe in 1991 to 1992. Not everybody was happy with the changes. Most people there attributed the changes to internal politicians -- Yeltsin, Gorbachev, Walesa, Havel, Dubucek, etc. The Poles gave the Pope some credit but that's it. The claim that Reagan ended the cold war is a Republican myth. The political orientation of many of the above leaders would be considered leftist by American standards and they had no intention of selling out to western corporate elites in the same manner as American politicians.
Reagan accelerated the end of the Cold War by pressuring Gorbachev. The Soviets couldn't keep up with our military spending. I think Reagan deserves a great deal of credit.
Fun quiz. But I assume the group of scholars assembled to create the list was mostly white men? Very few women or people of colour, no Native Americans on this list.
Africans in China are a vanishingly small percentage of the population. Racial or ethnic minorities in the United States are at least one third of the population. Are you honestly comparing the two?
I think it's pretty obvious with the anthropologist and the christian scientist that the makers of this list were obviously reaching pretty hard already just to find some women that could possibly rank among the 100.
No list is going to be perfectly representative of the population, trying to make it so is equally bigoted as a purposely whitewashed one.
It's hard to determine who should be in the list from different disciplines, but it's fairly easy to compare people in the exact same disciplines. In each case, I've come up with a more influential male that isn't on this list as well. The people you listed aren't the creme of the crop, they just happen to be famous because they're well known *and* they're women. If they weren't women, they'd be a whole lot less famous.
Yeah, but the ones of color are high-ranking. Example: MLK Jr and Frederick Douglas. Also, what influential Natives are there in American history? The only one I can think of is Geronimo, and I don't know what he influenced.
What Native Americans would you put on this list? I think a bunch of liberal college profs are not likely to omit a worthy Native American or minority.
Pretty low on people of color in general, actually. Of course, that is the fault of the Atlantic, not the Quizmaster. No George Washington Carver? And, for music, Louie Armstrong seems like a pretty random pick. And, of course,they didn't deem that guy that showed people of color that they could also become president to be list worthy either.
I was 10 years old when Cassius Clay beat Sonny Liston and I remember it well, as my dad was an amateur boxer and a big fan of the sport. Muhammed Ali was one of the greatest sports figures, as he said, “of all time”, in my opinion. In his early career he came across as an extremely talented, one of a kind, self-promoting braggart, who was a showman and entertainer. When he was arrested for draft evasion he was hated by some, but loved by others as a champion for the anti-war movement. I came to like him over the years, as many americans did, because he somehow endeared himself to people with his playful, mischievous personality, and He assumed the persona of a lovable, aging champion with a philanthropic heart. Muhammed Ali was a larger-than-life figure. But was he one of the 100 most influential Americans in History? I guess all I can say is he wouldn’t be on my list.
... and he invented the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) scheme for libraries not the 'decimal system' which has been around for centuries as a counting system.
yeah I'm sure he's not on here for his presidential campaign, if that's what you were thinking. Though I'm not sure I'd put him in the top 100, either.
Alexander Graham Bell was a British citizen, only taking up US citizenship some 6 years after patenting the telephone. Of course, both the UK, USA and Canada claim him as their own, but after living the first 23 years of his life in the UK, it would be hard to call him an American.
Maybe it's hard for you. But to an American, anyone born in the country regardless of parentage; anyone born to an American parent, regardless of their place of birth; and anyone who becomes a naturalized citizen by choice is definitely and wholly American! In reality, Bell was American. It's not so hard to accept reality if you just give it a shot.
Also, the guy lived to be 75. You're really going to discount the last 52 years?
I suspect being 'Chief Electrician' of the Bell Telephone Company it would be easier if he became a US citizen.
For most rational people, Einstein will always be German, Rupert Murdoch will always be Australian, and Jim Carrey will always be Canadian.
While it makes more sense to become a citizen of the country your main business is based in (Bell, Murdoch etc), it does not alter your place of birth and upbringing which correctly defines your nationality.
So "rational" people are oblivious to facts and reality? Nationality definition 1: citizenship. Definition 2: ethnicity, if you believe in the concept of nation states. You are skipping over the first and primary definition, and also demeaning the struggles many went through to attain citizenship in a place they chose to call home.
@Bonzo, so the correct definition of nationality is where you were born and brought up - what if those are different places? Einstein was never a citizen of Germany because German citizenship didn't exist at that point - you had to be a citizen of a German kingdom. Einstein sometimes described himself as Swiss, and didn't agree with the concept of nationalism. He changed nationality six times. It makes sense to describe Einstein as any of the following: German, Swiss, American, Austro-Hungarian, subject of the Kingdom of Prussia, citizen of the Free State of Prussia, subject of the Kingdom of Württemberg, stateless, or of multiple nationalities. There are rational arguments for any of these, though some make more sense than others.
Have you forgotten something? This quiz is about INFLUENTIAL people in American history, not American influential people. If someone not from the USA does something revolutionary to the USA, they would probably come on this list.
it's called both. and it's only called the CoJCoLDS by Mormons. If they cared so much about everyone calling their church by the "correct" name then they should have picked a shorter name, and they probably also should have put that name on the front of all the books they distribute instead of "the Book of Mormon." This is Marketing 101, guys.
There's not a single non-American on this quiz. There are quite a few making ignorant comments below the quiz, though. So depending on what you mean you could be wrong or right.
As others have mentioned, John Dewey did not invent the Dewey Decimal System. That was Melvil Dewey. John Dewey is a completely different person: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey
I understand that the clues might come from the Atlantic as well but the clue for Wilson is hilariously bad. No one knows the man who brought the US into the first world war and attempted to get in involved in the League of Nations afterwards as an isolationist
Thank you! I was going to say the same thing about Wilson! I know that the list was picked by Atlantic Magazine, so most of my issues with this quiz (which I DID very much enjoy and rated quite highly) are with them - leaving off JFK or any Kennedy, leaving off Barack Obama as the nation's first Black president, etc. - but some of the hints written below are really bad. Reagan was known by enough things that he should not be given as politically charged a clue as being said to have won the Cold War. And Woodrow Wilson, he of the Fourteen Points and Wilsonian democracy, is said to be known for isolationism? He was the OPPOSITE of an isolationist! Are any of the other people linked to clues that are literally the opposite of what we know about them? If not, Wilson's MUST be changed and is by far the most inaccurate hint on the whole quiz.
Actually, I do know the president who used the slogan "He kept us out of war" for his 1916 election, and who, upon entering the war due to Congressional pressure, immediately brought up the 14 points as the solution to end it, as an isolationist. If you read the 14 points, the league of nations is almost an afterthought, and it's primary purpose was to preserve free trade, an extremely important concern for the US at that time.
I loved this quiz, but you BADLY need to fix the 'hint' for Woodrow Wilson, since that is the OPPOSITE of what he did and is known for. Say 'Fourteen Points,' or World War I, ANYTHING but 'isolationism.' If you're going to stick with that, why not call Eisenhower a pacifist, Edison a luddite, Franklin Delano Roosevelt a marathon enthusiast, and Ronald Reagan an intellectual.
Angry Scot here... Since when was A.G Bell American???
Born: March 3, 1847, Edinburgh. Unless Scotland is now part of the USA I am quite confused to see how he got on this list... Did he get American citizenship in later life? Am I missing something here?
Who do you feel was overlooked? Or do you think the list makers should have ignored a person's influence on history in favor of focusing on what "race" they were when devising a list of most influential figures?
Though I believe that Bobby and Teddy Kennedy deserve the accolades more so than JFK (He is revered as an assassinated President, but what exactly did he accomplish as Presidents?) I
much rather have JFK here than Clarence Thomas. PLEASE!
Though Samuel Goldwyn co-founded both Paramount and MGM, he left the latter rather quickly and spent the rest of his career as an independent producer. Louis B. Mayer would be a much more appropriate representative for MGM.
I don't get sometimes how people can put Thomas Edison so high up but not include Nikola Tesla at all. Wasn't it Tesla who improved Edison's lacking product?. Edison caused more trouble than he did good from the documentaries I've seen.
You've probably seen some documentaries with questionable historical accuracy. Tesla was a cool guy but the Edison v. Tesla meme has really taken on a life of its own in the last decade or so since it was born.
Edison wasn't the great inventor his marketers claimed he was, but by running the laboratories he ran and commercialising the inventions he commercialised he was pretty influential
I'm pretty sure Tesla invented alternating current (and Wikipedia supports that). I'd say that's certainly a very significant achievement. Agree with Sirlandlord, Tesla should probably be on here/get more credit.
Both Frederick Law Olmstead and Calvert Vaux designed Central Park. Both made different but equally invaluable contributions.
Also, while Samuel Goldwyn helped start MGM pictures he was only involved at the very begining. He also helped start Paramount back when he was known as Saumuel Goldfish. Most of his career he was an independent producer, one of the most successful in Hollywood history.
Okay, maybe all Rosa Parks did was say no, but she set off a major movement that changed the the whole course of civil rights in the USA. She was brave to say it, a lot of us would have been too intimidated.
Important to emphasize this is from the Atlantic. Many authors, activists, social justice figures, etc... I did not do well on this quiz, but the Atlantic has a much different world view of American History than I do. 1/3 of the list is authors. Many are civil rights leaders, feminists, political activists, and cultural figures, musicians, etc... And Ralf Nader? Seriously? Top 100 in USA history? But few civil war leaders, few inventors, few military figures, and plays to a very partisan mindset of American History. Not criticizing the quiz author, just the Atlantic. It's a big, fat polito-pop-fest of a publication.
While I do have a few small disagreements with this quiz, it's really not fair to blame The Atlantic. The Atlantic outlines incredibly interesting and insightful analytical pieces in an era where news is often catered to be partisan and shallow, perpetuating clickbait culture and keeping the American public uninformed. Civil rights leaders and activists have been incredibly important to the expansion of democracy in America, while literary figures and musicians helped America create a national culture. In contrast, military leaders haven't done anything that constructive for America.
Also remember these are just opinions. We can't expect the person who made this poll to have the same world view as us and thus we have to tolerate discrepancies between our personal list and this list. Considering the difficulty of compiling such a list, I applaud the writers who made this.
Should include Rupert Murdoch, Ted Turner, Mark Zuckerburg, Ray Kroc, Lucille Ball, Rush Limbaugh, Barack Obama, Karl Rove, Wayne LaPierre, Stan Lee, Colonel Sanders, George Lucas, and Donald Trump, for better or worse.
Albert Einstein wasn't an Influential Figure in American History. He ended up becoming a US citizen, but none of the stuff he is particularly famous or influential for was done in the US or part of US history.
Funny: the quiz says scholars and people influential to American history. Does not say Americans.... Read the parameters of the quiz before you start correcting them lol
A bit weird that the list includes Babe Ruth, yet doesn't conclude neither Rosa Parks nor Malcom X. Not to undermine the actions of Babe Ruth, but the civil rights movement should get more attention in this list, for sure if the list includes baseball players.
I know it's hard to analyze history as it happens, but there's no doubt that Clinton, G. W. Bush, and Obama are all in the top 100 most influential figures in American history. Also, if we're going to pick an anthropologist then I think Franz Boas was more influential than Margaret Mead.
I know this quiz is opinion-based, but the omission of Rosa Parks and Harriet Tubman shocked me incredibly, especially when we have multiple authors and poets on the list (not that those aren't important and necessary for culture, but are we really saying Melville's Moby Dick is more important than many amazing Civil Rights leaders like Rosa Parks and Malcolm X, or fearless abolitionaries like Tubman?) . Tubman in particular is (in my opinion) one of the most amazing women in history. It makes me sad that she wasn't included on this list
Love this quiz. In re #33, "indivudualist poetry" is kind of misleading. He wrote poetry but he's not really known as a poet. Definitely known for his individualist philosophy. So maybe that (or "Transcendentalism," if it wouldn't be too much of a giveaway)? And in re #49, there's no A in his last name. Mere quibbles. Fun quiz.
What about Steve Jobs? I'm pretty sure the guy who came up with the iPhone has had a greater influence on us than over half of the people on this list. The same could be said about the creators of social media networks, like Mark Zuckerberg. The average % correct for most of the people on this list is below 50%.
Talk to anyone who lived in Eastern Europe or the USSR under communism. Today Reagan is a folk hero to them.
Unless of course you are implying that Gorbachev ended the Cold War by losing to Reagan's strategy? But that would be like saying the South is responsible for ending slavery by losing to the North.
No list is going to be perfectly representative of the population, trying to make it so is equally bigoted as a purposely whitewashed one.
Rosa Parks - Malcom X
Amelia Earhart - Charles Lindberg
Maya Angelou - TS Eliot
Zaharios - Phelps, Lewis, etc.
Oprah - no comment.
Also, the guy lived to be 75. You're really going to discount the last 52 years?
Even said so himself.
For most rational people, Einstein will always be German, Rupert Murdoch will always be Australian, and Jim Carrey will always be Canadian.
While it makes more sense to become a citizen of the country your main business is based in (Bell, Murdoch etc), it does not alter your place of birth and upbringing which correctly defines your nationality.
I'd love to see a split of how Americans and non Americans scored, as I suspect the average is dragged down by us non Americans.
Born: March 3, 1847, Edinburgh. Unless Scotland is now part of the USA I am quite confused to see how he got on this list... Did he get American citizenship in later life? Am I missing something here?
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S.A., not K.
much rather have JFK here than Clarence Thomas. PLEASE!
The man is an affront to humanity.
JFK should also be on this list.
Also, while Samuel Goldwyn helped start MGM pictures he was only involved at the very begining. He also helped start Paramount back when he was known as Saumuel Goldfish. Most of his career he was an independent producer, one of the most successful in Hollywood history.
Also remember these are just opinions. We can't expect the person who made this poll to have the same world view as us and thus we have to tolerate discrepancies between our personal list and this list. Considering the difficulty of compiling such a list, I applaud the writers who made this.
Margaret Mitchell
Billy Graham
Gene Roddenberry
Leon Uris
and toss up between George and Ira Gershwin/Aaron Copeland
Must've been pretty good opinions to have shaped America so