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1. Mesopotamia
At some points Mesopotamia controlled Egypt, Asia Minor, and Arabia, but it was always located in the Fertile Crescent.
Fertile Crescent
Egypt
Arabia
Asia Minor
2. Istanbul
Istanbul is partially in the Balkans, but is not located in the Marmara Sea or Northwest Turkey, and is settled on the Bosphorus Strait connecting Anatolia to the Balkans.
Balkans
Northwest Turkey
Bosphorus Strait
Marmara Sea
3. Suez Canal
The Suez is in the Middle East, but more specifically on the Sinai Peninsula, and by no stretch of the imagination on the Nile River Delta or the ancient Nubian kingdom.
Middle East
Sinai
Nile Delta
Nubia
4. Montreal
Montreal is an island in the St Lawrence River but is not situated in any of the other locations.
Northwest Canada
Ontario
St Lawrence River
Great Lakes
5. Nepal
Nepal is close but not in Central Asia, it borders Tibet, and Mt Everest is WAY too specific. Therefore, the only reasonable location is the Himalayan mountain range, where it is wedged in.
Central Asia
Himalayas
Tibet
Mt. Everest
6. Indonesia
Melanesia is a region in Oceania that excludes Indonesia, Sulawesi and Sumatra are simply two Indonesian islands, and Indochina is a Southeast Asian peninsula. East Indies fits best.
East Indies
Indochina
Melanesia
Sulawesi and Sumatra
7. Andorra
Andorra is not located in France or Spain but in between them, and while it can be dubbed Southern European, Pyrenees is the most plausible as it is the mountain range that covers the majority of Andorra.
France
Pyrenees
Spain
Southern Europe
8. Latvia
The Kola Peninsula is in Russia, and while Latvia is technically south of Scandinavia, the Baltics (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) fit best. The Baltic Gulf is fictional.
Baltic Gulf
South of Scandinavia
Kola Peninsula
Baltics
9. Libya
Rather than West Africa, the Middle East, and Ancient Egypt, which are all non-fitting for Libya, the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa makes complete sense.
Ancient Egypt
Maghreb
West Africa
Middle East
10. Ceuta
Ceuta is located practically on the Gibraltar Strait, but despite being extremely close to it, is not on Iberia, is in Northern Morocco rather than Western, and is simply not on the Balearic Sea.
Gibraltar
Iberia
Balearic Sea
Western Morocco
11. Aksum Empire
Horn, instead of Horn of Africa, is simply not specific enough. The Aksum Empire was not specifically in South Ethiopia but more of the entire nation, and I just threw Erythraea in there because of the civilization's ties to the Erythraean Sea. (Try saying that ten times.)
Erythraea
Along the Red Sea
Southern Ethiopia
Horn
12. Timor
Leste means "east" in Portuguese and is sometimes included in East Timor's name. Technically everywhere is west of the Pacific, and Malaysia and Co. makes zero sense. Therefore, the isles of Indonesia is the only reasonable answer.
Leste
Malaysia & Co.
West of the Pacific Ocean
Indonesian Isles
13. Zealandia
Listen closely. Zealandia, the sunken "eighth continent," is not gone. It is not located ON the nation of New Zealand, but rather beneath it and a bit of the region it is located in, Polynesia. Zealand, Denmark is obviously incorrect.
Gone
New Zealand
Beneath Polynesia
Zealand, Denmark
14. Rapa Nui
Rapa Nui, better known as Easter Island, is not off the coast of Chile. It is 2,182 miles away from the country that owns it. The easternmost island of Polynesia, however, it is.