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KT5 Egypt Knowledge Builder Quiz

Complete as many questions as you can in the time limit. This quiz targets the following points on the specification: Why did the British intervene in Egypt in 1882? Why was Egypt controlled by the British from 1882? Why were the British drawn further into the Nile Valley?
Quiz by Winstanley95
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Last updated: February 6, 2023
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First submittedFebruary 6, 2023
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Average score21.2%
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Question
Answer
Which Empire had controlled Egypt since 1517?
Ottoman Empire
What did the decline of this Empire create in areas around north Africa?
Power vacuum
Which Prime Minister decided to intervene in Egypt?
Gladstone
In what year was the Suez Canal completed?
1869
Which Prime Minister decided to purchase the Suez Canal shares?
Benjamin Disraeli
Name the Khedive in 1875?
Ishmail
Name the Khedive in 1876?
Tewfik
By how much had Egyptian debt increased between 1863 and 1870? (In pounds)
3 Million to 100 Million
What things did the British and French do as part of their system of Dual Control? (1)
Supervise spending
What things did the British and French do as part of their system of Dual Control? (2)
Cuts to army staff and pay
What did Arabi Pasha do in 1879? (1)
Staged a successful coup
What did Arabi Pasha do in 1879? (2)
Installed a nationalist cabinet under Tewfik
How much did he borrow from the Rothschilds to reverse cuts to the Egyptian Army? (In pounds)
40,000
How many Europeans died in Anti-Christian riots in Alexandria 1882?
50
What percentage of shipping passing through the Suez Canal was British?
80%
What 2 projects had British investors and bond holders financed in Egypt? (1)
Harbor building
What 2 projects had British investors and bond holders financed in Egypt? (2)
Railways
What percentage of Egyptian exports did the British purchase?
80%
What resource made up most of the Egyptian exports to Britain?
Cotton
How much of Gladstone’s personal wealth was invested in Egypt?
37%
What were the reasons the French did not follow through with the Gambetta Note in 1882? (1)
Change in public opinion & leadership
What were the reasons the French did not follow through with the Gambetta Note in 1882? (2)
Bismarck told them no
When was Arabi Pasha exiled to Ceylon having been captured in September 1882? (Month & Year)
December 1882
What name do we give to Britain’s occupation of Egypt?
Veiled protectorate
How many times did the British promise to leave Egypt?
60+
Who was the new Consul General?
Sir Evelyn Baring
What two reforms did he want to make? (1)
Make Egypt solvent
What two reforms did he want to make? (2)
Protect the irrigation of the cotton fields in the Nile delta
Who was the leader of the radical Islamist movement in Sudan?
The Mahdi
Who was sent as Governor of Sudan in 1873?
General Charles Gordon
Who led a military campaign against the Islamist leader?
Sir William Hicks
How many survived out of the 8000 that were on this campaign in 1883?
300
Who became the new Prime Minister after the fall of Liberalism in Britain?
Lord Salisbury
Why should Baring be described as racist?
He said he “had no time for the oriental mind”
In what way was his vision for Egypt not compatible with what Gladstone and Salisbury wanted to do?
Made them stay in Egypt when official policy was to leave
Name 2 achievements of Baring in Egypt? (1)
Egypt was solvent
Name 2 achievements of Baring in Egypt? (2)
Investments secure
Name 2 failures of Baring Egypt. (1)
Tax burden fell on the poorest
Name 2 failures of Baring Egypt. (2)
No changes to education system
When did Baring leave Egypt?
1907
What does it mean that Egypt was “solvent” under Baring?
Debts paid off
How did the relationship changed between Egypt and the Sudan in the 19th Century?
Egypt resorted to formal occupation rather than charging the Sudanese a tribute
When was Gordon first appointed Governor of the Equatorial Provinces by Ismail Pasha?
1873
In what way did Gordon actually make things worse in the Sudan? (1)
Destabilised the country by removing slave traders
In what way did Gordon actually make things worse in the Sudan? (2)
Created a mini power vacuum into which the Mahdi stepped
When did he retire to England?
1880
What was Gladstone’s solution to the problems in the Sudan?
Leave
In what year was Gordon sent, for the second time, to carry out Gladstone’s instructions?
1884
On what date did the Mahdist forces successfully break into Khartoum? (Month and Year)
January 1885
Give two reasons why Gordon’s orders are seen as contradictory? (1)
Came from both Baring and the foreign office
Question
Answer
Give two reasons why Gordon’s orders are seen as contradictory? (2)
Foreign office orders muddled
What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (1)
Ended the Taiping rebellion
What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (2)
Dedicated to improving the lives of young boys in his hometown
What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (3)
Thought he found various religious sites
What did Gordon do to make himself a celebrity in Britain (before Khartoum) (4)
Effective in Crimea
Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (1)
Wanted to end slave trade
Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (2)
Hatred for Mahdi
Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (3)
Thought he was doing God’s work
Why might Gordon not have wanted to evacuate the garrison at Khartoum? (4)
Did not believe Britain should leave the Sudan
How late was Gladstone’s relief expedition, which failed to rescue Gordon?
2 Days
What nickname did Gladstone earn for failing to rescue Gordon?
Murdered of Gordon
True or false. Gladstone changed his mind immediately after Gordon’s death, and ordered the reconquest of the Sudan.
False
Name an important General who was inspired by Gordon.
Kitchener
Name a way in which Gordon’s legacy made a lasting impression on the British public.
Desire to avenge Gordon
When did the Mahdi die?
6 Months after the siege of Khartoum
How did the Mahdi die?
Typhus
He saw his death coming. What did he do?
Appointed 3 lieutenants to rule in his stead
In what year did Lord Salisbury order the reconquest of Sudan?
1896
What did he worry the French were trying to do?
Control the source of the Nile
What was the second concern expressed by Salisbury?
The resurgent Mahdist forces
What happened to the Italians in 1896 that further convinced Salsbury that a show of European force in Africa was necessary?
Defeated at the battle of Awadh
Where was Kitchener heading (initially)?
Dongola
What kind of tactics was Kitchener ordered to use?
Slow & steady
What was Kitchener ordered to do with his supply lines?
Never stretch or break them
When did Britain declare the whole of the Nile Valley to be within her “sphere of influence”?
1890
Who was ok with this?
Germans and all other nations
Who was not?
France
What were the competing British and French objectives in Africa?
Britain to link colonies in north to south, French to link east to west
Where did the British and French meet?
Fashoda
Who was in charge of the 120 strong French detachment?
Major Marchand
What were Kitchener’s sealed orders, which he read when he encountered this group?
Control the Nile Valley
What did both sides agree to do?
Refer the issue to London and Paris respectively
How did Kitchener diffuse the situation?
Left the French flag in place
What did they do, instead of going to War?
Had a party
Why did France eventually back down after Fashoda? (1)
Internal political struggles
Why did France eventually back down after Fashoda? (2)
British naval dominance
How was Kitchener different to Gordon?
Very methodical and by the book
Which two Madhist bases did Kitchener capture in 1896?
Ferkeh and Atbara
What did Salisbury do as a result of these victories?
Extended the initial objective of Dongola to the whole of the Sudan
What did Kitchener hold in Khartoum?
A funeral for Gordon
What did he do with the remains of the Mahdi?
Threw the bones in the Nile and kept his skull
How did Parliament and Baring feel about these actions?
Unacceptable, ordered tomb resealed
What was was Kitchener given command in, which he held until his death?
WW1
What is his most controversial act? (not needed for the spec but certainly worth knowing!)
Invented concentration camps
Which new weapon of war did the British have with them as they approached Omdurman in 1898?
Maxim gun
How many Mahdi died in the ensuing battle?
10,000
How many British died at Omdurman?
47
How did Churchill feel about this battle?
Did not like it, found Kitchener merciless
What does the treatment of the French at Fashoda and the treatment of the Mahdi at Omdurman show?
Vast difference between how the British treated white people vs black people
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