Logical Fallacies

You misrepresented someone's argument to make it easier to attack

Presuming that a real or perceived relationship between things means that one is the cause of the other

Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument

Presuming that because a claim has been poorly argued, or a fallacy has been made, that the claim itself must be wrong

Asserting that if we allow A to happen, then Z will consequently happen too, therefore A should not happen

Attacking your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument

Avoiding having to engage with criticism by turning it back on the accuser - answering criticism with criticism

Saying that because one finds something difficult to understand that it's therefore not true

Moving the goalposts or making up exceptions when a claim is shown to be false

Asking a question that has a presumption built into it so that it can't be answered without appearing guilty

Saying that the burden of proof lies not with the person making the claim, but with someone else to disprove

Using double meanings or ambiguities of language to mislead or misrepresent the truth

Believing that 'runs' occur to statistically independent phenomena such as roulette wheel spins

Appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempted form of validation

Saying that because an authority thinks something, it must therefore be true

Assuming that what's true about one part of something has to be applied to all, or other, parts of it

Making what could be called an appeal to purity as a way to dismiss relevant criticisms or flaws of an argument

Judging something good or bad on the basis of where it comes from, or from whom it comes

Where two alternative states are presented as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist

A circular argument in which the conclusion is included in the premise

Making the argument that because something is 'natural' it is therefore valid, justified, inevitable, good, or ideal

Using personal experience or an isolated example instead of a valid argument, especially to dismiss statistics

Cherry-picking data clusters to suit an argument, or finding a pattern to fit a presumption

Saying that a compromise, or middle point, between two extremes is the truth