Official and Regional Languages of Europe on a Map
While the most important language (or languages) of a country are typically official at the national level, many countries also recognise smaller and/or historically important languages at the regional level. Can you name all 73 languages shown on the map below?
Includes de facto national languages
Dialects are grouped together, although (mostly historical) dialect divisions are specified on the map
Figures for the total speakers of each language family should be taken as estimations and do not include immigrant/'non-European' languages
That's good to hear! I find it important to learn about some of these languages, for many are all but destined to go extinct within the next 100 years.
Yes, they both are related, but part of different branches of the Kipchak languages. Because of Crimean Tatar's name, it is commonly mistaken as being the same language as Volga Tatar, in the form of a dialect, but in reality they are different languages.
Awesome quiz, nominated! Your source doesn't list it for some reason, but if you include Sardinian and Ladin then I believe Friulian should be here as well. It is officially recognised by the Italian constitution and spoken by ~500k people, you can read more about it here
Thank you! It appears Friulian does not appear due to legal wordings. In Friuli-Venezia Giulia the language is 'promoted' but not official recognised, and this quiz is most concerned with languages that are official, in various subdivisions. It is somewhat flawed the methology in which languages are featured at present, but I look forward to including it when I expand the map based on criteria that I have not decided upon--yet.
You are right, while Friulian is recognised at state-level, there doesn't seem to be a specific regional law about it. Bureaucracy is always such a pain!
Yes indeed. But that gives me a great reason to expand upon this concept in future. That and the countries which hardly even recognise minority languages, such as France (Occitan is on the map because it is recognised in Catalonia via Aranese, when >90% of Occitan speakers are located in France).
It really depends on the criteria. Friulian is not official for legislature, courts, administration etc, but its protected status is taken seriously and so it has great visibility, bilingual road signs are ubiquitous, there are government websites in Friulian, it's taught in schools etc. On the other hand there are languages with official status described in constitutions but they see virtually no official use with all paperwork done in Russian.
Well, I don't have the data to back that up. I am quite humbled and grateful for all the interest in this quiz throughout its first 24 hours. This topic is interesting to me, so I like to share it with others too.
The problem is that many of the Sami languages form a dialect continuum. It is not easy to tell dialect from individual language. This is why they are all grouped together. Many of the decisions I made on this quiz, when seperating languages and dialects are arguable (for example Galician and Portuguese could be considered the same language), and I would like to explore dialects too in future quizzes.
That is true, but most importantly the governments recognise all North Germanic languages as seperate, each of those languages have a government, an economy, etc. From what I can tell Norway has Sami as an official language (with Northern, Lule and Southern Sami in fine print to specify).
Sami language is not an official language at national level in Norway, only in the administrative area for sami languages. Northern sami is official in seven municipalities, southern sami in two, and lule sami in one.
Thank you! Asia would either turn out to be easy, but unsatisfactory due to the lack of recognition of many languages, (including some of the most spoken world languages like Javanese), or very difficult if I went and tried to include as many languages as possible, since Indonesia has 'more than 700 widely spoken languages'!
I am seriously getting an urge to go create that, but it will take some thought and research beforehand. I would like to make some more linguistics/language related content (possibly an Asian or American Continent version of this quiz), it will probably have to wait until mid-March at the earliest because of uni. Thanks for playing the quiz :)
This is a great quiz. I've been looking up languages for the past day now thanks to it.
I have a question though. Would Franco-Provencal count for your criteria? It looks like Aosta Valley grants it some form of status, but I can't claim to know much about it beyond a bit of reading on Wikipedia.
Thank you, I am very happy to hear that this quiz could inspire you like that, it is a gift to share my passion for languages!
From what I have researched, Aosta Valley has made French an official language along with Italian, however I am not sure they specify the Franco-Provençal dialect in particular. Had Franco-Provençal been official, I would have been able to draw a line similar to the Occitan line (transcending borders and all). Good question.
I made some research about Aosta Valley. The only official languages are Italian and French. Franco-Provençal as well as Walser (a variation of German) are recognized, protected and valorized; however they're not considered official on a regional level.
Thank you! And I appreciate that you have taken the time to research that!
It is interesting to note that about Aosta Valley, and that there are German speakers there. I was hoping I'd be able to show the French language in Aosta, but it turned our that most of the people there speak Italian as a first language. Italy doesn't have many languages official at the regional level, sadly. I wished I could include Friulian on the quiz too.
Thank you, and I've fixed that now. I realised a couple days ago that I'd got the wrong spelling in my head, but I've probably misspelt the word in countless places by now!
Great idea, and even greater work! It was much fun playing it. But is there any reason why LATIN isn't shown? It's official language in Vatican City, there are really people who speak this language (not as mother language, but does this matter in this context?), and official documents are written in Latin.
It's the official language of the Holy See, not Vatican City. But I still think it's enough to be included, they're not exactly completely separate things. The pope usually gives speeches in Italian when visiting abroad, not Latin, for example.
Thank you! Although Latin may be official to the Holy See, I believe it is distinct from the Vatican City and not the same as a sovereign state or region. Despite its massive importance/influence in Europe, had Latin been official in the Vatican City, I would have excluded it from being an answer too due to it being a dead language (not extinct, considering it is still used in certain capacities). My problem with including dead languages is that they are used in such a different matter to living languages, they don't evolve, etc. that they stand out compared to the living languages I have portrayed on this quiz. A borderline example here, is that of the Cornish language, which has undergone a revival (including allegedly some bilingual native speakers) and was upgraded from 'extinct' to 'critically endangered' .
From what I understand, The Holy See is more like a corporate body in international law, therefore The Holy See owns the Vatican, but it isn't the Vatican. The Holy See, for those who don't know, is the chair that the Pope sits on.
I have run into this problem with the 'Official and Regional Languages of Asia' quiz that I have been working on. India recognises Sanskrit as an official language (not nationally), and Prakrit is a proposed official language (also not nationally), both languages I have considered. If I 'include' them, and same goes for Latin, I would have automatically filled the answer in like I did on this quiz for the virtually-impossible-to-map-Romani language. There are claims that a couple of villages in India speak Sanskrit natively, but considering I have never heard a reliable source on this, and said villages are never named, I don't buy it.
Good question about a topic that is most certainly up for debate, and apologies for rambling on so long :)
Being an amateur Linguistic Geography Nerd, You are like my role model (人*´∀`)。*゚+ Congratulations on the feature and I can't wait to see the Asian Version with the 700 languages of India and 800 languages of Indonesia
Thank you very much! I am glad you like the language content too. I've got the list of recognised regional or official languages of Asia down to 149... feel free to guess how many are Indonesian :D
Asia is on the way! My biggest problem, moving away from Europe, is not so much the sheer number of languages, but rather that the protection of minority languages is often poorly legislated and the vague status of languages makes it difficult to know which languages to add. I have the list for Asia pretty much finalised, but I don't feel so comfortable arguing why I did/didn't choose specific languages, for example, as I do with the final list for this quiz.
Thank you! I was under the impression that Flemish was a dialect of Dutch, but after doing some research I believe it is closer than a dialect--similar to the difference between, say, Quebec French and Metropolitan French.
Thank you! I appreciate the request, however several people have already made quizzes in that format already and there isn't anything unique I could add to the formula.
Hi - first of all, amazing quiz! I can't believe how much detailed work has gone into this. I think there is actually a case to be made for Breton having at least some official recognition. First of all, since 2008, regional languages are recognised by the French Constitution, article 75-1, which states that they are part of France's heritage ("font partie du patrimoine de la France"). While Breton is not mentioned by name, it's clearly one of the languages covered by this provision.
And secondly, perhaps more importantly, the region of Brittany has recognised Breton (and Gallo, but that's just a dialect of French) as co-official since 2004. Back then, this move was considered illegal under the French Constitution, but I believe that the 2008 adoption of article 75-1 lifts that prohibition - or is at least grounds enough to seriously challenge it. Anyway, I agree that it's not clear-cut, but I sure would love to see Breton on this quiz!
Thank you for the reply! I will have to look into that a little more. From what I could tell, Breton was only co-official in some municipalities but I haven't heard about the heritage language recognition. I have to make distinctions between minority languages too (which are not considered). There is certainly a lot of subjectivity when making these sorts of quizzes, even when I have what looks to be a frame pf reference at first.
I expect to add Breton in future, either after looking it over again or when France (hopefully) begins to extend Breton language rights even further :)
Thanks for considering it! Honestly, I don't think there's a clear-cut answer either way, and it certainly wouldn't be wrong to leave Breton off - but if there's a way we can sneak it in, that would be awesome!
You're very welcome. It would be great, Breton deserves the same recognition as the other Celtic languages! If I do add it, it would have to be some time from now since the quiz would reset.
It does! My whole family on my father's side is from Brittany. My grandfather was fluent in Breton - he grew up on a farm in Brittany, and came to Paris for work as a young man, but retired back to Brittany. My grandmother, who's from one village over, was orphaned when she was four, and grew up in a convent, where they spoke French. She understood Breton, but apparently did not speak it very well. Today, I speak five languages, but not the one my ancestors spoke! Neither does my father. It's pretty sad...
That in quite interesting, it is unfortunate that this seems so often the case, in which languages like Breton are lost from families. There are similar patterns in my own family, with Plautdietsch and French. I have interacted with a small number of Breton speakers online who were passionate about their language, and I hope that there are more people like them who will keep Breton strong in the years to come.
It's not by accident! Under the Third Republic, there was a conscious effort to eliminate regional languages in France. Kids were punished in school if they were heard speaking Breton!
It is a shame, I guess that people before considered the smaller languages to be an 'uneducated' way of speaking. Canada has effectively doomed most of our Indigenous languages, in huge part thanks to the education system (residential schools).
Very interesting & informational quiz! I'm guessing Alsatian wasn't included b/c it's not an official language on a national level? W/your interest in linguistics you might like to check out Ethnologue & Lexilogos...not sure if all of Ethnologue is a subscription database only, but Lexilogos is not a subscription database (I'm an academic librarian & I literally taught a class on doing French-language research this morning, & Ethnologue & Lexilogos are my go-tos for linguistics research).
Thank you for your comment! And you're correct, unfortunately the French minority languages hold very little legal standings in France. I am currently on the Lexilogos website and it looks very helpful! I have used Omniglot in the past as a resource but Lexilogos appears to be much more useful. It seems that most of Ethnologue is behind a paywall ($480 per year, not sure if it's in Canadian or American money), but I would love to have access to it someday.
Again, big thanks for the share, I am going to have fun looking through it :D
A funny consequence of using "Ends with" MARI to cover all of the possible ways someone might type Hill/Meadow Mari is that I got a freebie when I started typing "San Marinoan" just to amuse myself.
Interesting, well enjoy the freebie! I'm usually against having type-ins that allow for people to get the answer on accident (seeing as it's a quiz and all), 'Mari' is a short enough name that people are bound to get lucky no matter what :)
This is one of the best quizzes I've seen on this site! Excellent work! I was surprised at several languages that weren't included, but I guess that's up to the politicians to decide. I'm an amateur language nut, too, and I've made a few language quizzes here.
Thank you, really happy to hear that! I am still saddened by the lack of Friulian and Breton, in particular. I am surprised I hadn't found your quizzes before but I am a big fan of your quiz on language families now :)
Scotch is a mostly obsolete term nowadays and is only used for products (i.e. 'Scotch eggs', or 'Scotch whisky'). I might change the 'Gaelic' type-in from Irish to Scottish Gaelic, although I don't want to create confusion between the names.
If it helps at all, here in Ireland we always call it Irish, almost never Gaelic. I could see someone try Gaeilge though, which is the Irish for Irish (language).
Thanks for the imput, I have moved the 'Gaelic' type-in to Scottish Gaelic instead. I get confused sometimes because of the Irish name Gaeilge although I learnt recently that Scottish Gaelic is pronounced with more of an 'AH' sound like in 'garlic'. Changes should be implemented shortly :)
It actually kinda is! See my above comment, and this link: https://www.europe.bzh/jcms/c_16791/fr/la-langue-bretonne-etat-des-lieux - while the move by the Region of Brittany was considered unconstitutional when it was made in 2004, I believe that the 2008 adoption of article 75-1 changes that.
Great quiz and really cool map! I never realized that Europe (particularly Russia) had that many languages, but I guess it makes sense given Russia's ethnic diversity.
Also, can you please accept "Circassian" for Adyghe? I tried it and it doesn't work, but Wikipedia says that Adyghe is often called "West Circassian" so I think it would make sense to have it as a type-in.
Sure, both West Circassian and Circassian have been added as type-ins.
The languages of Russia are fascinating, and I hope that more people can learn about them. You can find Finnish's cousin Karelian and the Inuit language of Yupik in the same country, but only 35 languages are official at the regional level. Glad you enjoyed the quiz and thanks for playing!
I wonder. I know that's the data found on Wikipedia, but I still wonder.
I'm doing the "reading the world" challenge, and I wanted a Monégasque classic. I asked for help at cultural institutions of Monaco, and the e-mail I received in return was written in French (my French is pretty good, at least in reading), clearly by someone whose mother tongue is not French, and yet is definitely a citizen of Monaco. When he sent me the book (bilingual, Monégasque and French), he added a bilingual calendar, a bilingual collection of local recipes and such stuff. It appears to be in use.
The fact that very few people speak it as their mother tongue doesn't mean that it cannot be spoken by lots of others as a language learnt later and used every day. This website mentions 5100 speakers:
https://omniglot.com/writing/monegasque.htm
So I wonder.
Otherwise thank you for this great quiz! :) It's absolutely fascinating, I love language quizzes, especially if they include regional languages, too.
Another thing, about Monégasque being an Italian dialect: Luxembourgish IS actually a dialect of German (Moselfränkisch), and it is only considered a separate language because it is the official language of Luxembourg. I know Monégasque is not official, but the case is still the same. The distinction between dialect and language is often political only.
I heard that Monégasque is still taught as a heritage language, but its good to hear that people still use the language today! Maybe it has to do with the work that has been published in the language before, or the fact that it's close to French and Italian.
And you're right, I hadn't realised how much of a dialect Luxembourgish truly is until recent. I've used this quote on another quiz before, but with risk of overwearing it, a student in sociolinguist Max Weinreich's class once remarked that "a language is a dialect with an army and a navy" and I find this very fitting.
Thanks for playing and I'm glad you liked the quiz :)
I have used political definitions in other parts of this quiz, however I cannot deny that Serbo-Croatian is a single language in every way besides the politics. They are even based on the same dialect of Shtokavian. Apologies for any inconsistency.
You don't need to apologise at all, you've done a great job, truly! :)
It's very hard to judge whether Serbo-Croatian is one language or several, though. I have a few friends from that region. I asked them once if they needed to translate from one language to another. They said people who had grown up in the former Yugoslavia could perfectly understand one another, but for young people it was increasingly difficult.
I thought it was because of rapid changes; they said it wasn't, it was because Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin had been separate languages for a while, but no one had noticed back in Yugoslavia, because every TV channel and radio station had broadcast programmes in every language. People at that time were actually multilingual without even noticing it. Now that they don't have the same stations and channels and more, the languages appear to be more and more different.
Of course if you're from that area, you know better. I don't know where you're from.
It is a very interesting dilemma, and I can see how the line becomes very unclear. Without exposure I have heard that speakers of High German in Berlin have a hard time understanding people who speak Swiss German or Austro-Bavarian German, yet those are commonly considered the same language. In this case, I saved myself from a difficult decision and went with Serbo-Croatian, as it is most common on other Jetpunk quizzes. If not for the quiz format.
I try and listen to the opinions of people from the locale, but I also take perspectives into account. For example a Portuguese speaker is likely to claim that Galician is a Portuguese dialect, while Galician speakers are likely to claim that Galician is a completely different language.
Yes, you're right. And Norwegian and Swedish are definitely considered two different languages (Norwegian is, in fact, not one language but two), and yet they are mutually intelligible, at least that's what a Norwegian colleague has told me.
Indeed they are (at least when written for Norwegian), and while most people write in Bokmål, in a professional setting I hear it is polite to respond to people in Nynorsk, if, say they send you an email using that written standard.
Irish has many more L2 speakers and learners, with over a million able to speak it (to some degree). The Gaeltacht, or the area in which the majority speaks Irish as a first language, is depressingly small though.
Absolutely loving this quiz! Such a lot of effort has obviously gone into both the research and the map.
I got 51 on my first try, which I'm fairly happy with. After looking at the answers I missed, there are only another four that I've heard of (and only one of them, Maltese, was particularly silly to forget), so I probably couldn't have gotten much better.
Thank you for the kind words! I enjoy sharing my interests through quizzes like these. 51 is a great score indeed, especially considering all the obscure languages here :)
If it has some connotation behind it then I have no problem changing it, although from my end it looks simply like the variant flag of Poland. I don't want to claim to support anything, through what otherwise is a fun visual display.
West Frisian is incorrect for the Dutch province Friesland.
They speak in Friesland Frisian.
There is a dialect called "West-Fries" (West Frisian) which is spoken in the region West-Friesland, which is in the province North-Holland. This dialect is complete different from Frisian.
The French government is incredibly stubborn about French being the only official language - a supposedly unifying policy that has its roots in the Revolution, but which has caused a lot of fallout since.
Great quiz and map, well done with this. I'm curious why Welsh is shown only for the north west of Wales though it's an official language for the whole of Wales.
Some people consider Kabardian to be a dialect of Adyghe but it's not determined the level of mutual intelligibility they share. They are both Circassian languages. Abaza, on the other hand, is closer to Abkhaz.
Among Circassians (myself one), Kabardian is usually considered a dialect of the main language since it is one of the 12 tribes. I just wasn't sure about overall recognition.
Interesting. While Russia recognises them as distinct, with language it is all grey space, language and dialects are just terms we invented to organise them, after all (since you were thinking about recognition). Thank you for bringing this to my attention, and it is nice to hear your thoughts as someone with connection to the language. I hadn't stopped to consider it before, and I am happy to learn more about the languages of the Caucasus :)
Thanks! Karelian is not official in Karelia and that is why it wasn't included. I get the feeling it would be considered a dialect of Finnish if it were eligible anyhow.
Random realization: Bolivia alone has over half the official languages of Europe (37) if I'm basing it off this quiz. Though it is a bit cheaty since at least 1 is extinct and 2 are getting close.
It is a little crazy to think of, although it makes sense considering that the country has been giving more recognition to its majority Indigenous population (such as making the second national flag the Wiphala). Be sure to revise them before the South American quiz comes out :)
Thank you! My primary source is this Wikipedia article however I did more research too, just that the article was the backbone of the quiz. Wikipedia was a huge help :)
I'd like to point out that besides Finnish, Sami and Romani, Meänkieli and Yiddish also have official minority language status in Sweden. And Scots has official status in Scotland.
I did not include so-called dialects, and so that changes the landscape entirely. Also, it is about languages official in specific regions rather than recognised minority languages. Otherwise, Vietnamese would be on this quiz because of the Czech Republic (and something about that just doesn't feel right!)
Scots is not a 'so-called dialect,' it is an official language in Scotland and also spoken in Northern Ireland. The language has about 2 million speakers total in the UK.
Thank you! Only Russian is official in Karelia, unfortunately, although I'm considering starting a Uralic Languages quiz and Karelian will feature in that one for sure :)
I think the Union Jack is appropriate here, given that it is the most common symbol used for the English Language (and that the English language has a strong majority across the UK).
Have just found this delightful quiz again and managed a tiny improvement :) - thank you.
Particlarly enjoyed reading the comments, interesting and nearly all constructive, unlike the carping, points-scoring mentality one gets on many of the other chats.
Linguists must be a particularly nice bunch of people!
Glad to hear you enjoyed the quiz on your second go!
One thing I noticed on Jetpunk is that my larger projects like this one tend to bring out a lot more passion in other quiztakers too. Linguists can talk about their hobbies here and non-linguists may be inspired to talk about their local minority languages as well. I like doing big projects here for that reason.
It's usually my smaller projects where I see more nitpicking in the comments. I still appreciate nitpickers though, I cannot imagine Jetpunk without that aspect, haha :)
Great quiz, Jiaozira, but I'm afraid I gave up when Breton was not recognized. I don't see that this is not a recognized language; it's taught in schools, just as Scottish Gaelic is, even though, like Gaelic, there are fewer and fewer native speakers. I'm sure I will come back to your quiz though, and love the time and research you have spent on it.
Thank you, I wish you luck when you return. The reason Breton is not accepted, is because it is not recognised by the governments of France or Bretagne, to the same degree that Scottish Gaelic is recognised by the government of Scotland. For me, it is the biggest loss of all the languages I didn't include, although unfortunately I cannot add it until either government changes their policy (I have to set certain limits because otherwise the quiz will be at least 200 languages).
I Love this quiz! It's my favorite quiz on the site. I've done it dozens of times, I would love an african or american one, This quiz is one of the reasons i subscribed to you, I love your language quizzes!
Thank you so much broomhead, this makes me happy to hear!
I would love to do an African version someday soon, and I'd be happy to finish my American quiz too. I've been pretty busy these days but it's only a matter of when rather than if :)
what is your source? 12 million Turkish speakers from an 80 million population and a weirdly split Turkish map is certainly random and odd. So I am curious how you came to this conclusion?
12 million Turkish speakers on the European continent, the rest are in Asia. I made the decision to highlight the Asian portion of Turkey so that the language was more visible, although of course this is inconsistent with how I drew the Russian language stopping at the Ural divide.
As for the division in Turkey, it is because of the spread of the Kurdish language. The area is almost certainly exaggerated, and I believe the majority Kurdish areas are much smaller, but I have struggled to find more realistic maps for a long time now.
Turkish in Bulgaria seems wrong, turkish is mostly spoken in western thrace and dobruja but I don't think that anybody speaks turkish in the southern black sea coast of bulgaria
While "Mirandese" is correct, it would be better to refer to the wider name of "Asturleonese" (which includes the linguonyms "Mirandese", "Asturian", and "Leonese", all of them with different degrees of official recognition).
I have a question though. Would Franco-Provencal count for your criteria? It looks like Aosta Valley grants it some form of status, but I can't claim to know much about it beyond a bit of reading on Wikipedia.
Thank you, I am very happy to hear that this quiz could inspire you like that, it is a gift to share my passion for languages!
From what I have researched, Aosta Valley has made French an official language along with Italian, however I am not sure they specify the Franco-Provençal dialect in particular. Had Franco-Provençal been official, I would have been able to draw a line similar to the Occitan line (transcending borders and all). Good question.
I made some research about Aosta Valley. The only official languages are Italian and French. Franco-Provençal as well as Walser (a variation of German) are recognized, protected and valorized; however they're not considered official on a regional level.
It is interesting to note that about Aosta Valley, and that there are German speakers there. I was hoping I'd be able to show the French language in Aosta, but it turned our that most of the people there speak Italian as a first language. Italy doesn't have many languages official at the regional level, sadly. I wished I could include Friulian on the quiz too.
Thank you for the comment :)
I have run into this problem with the 'Official and Regional Languages of Asia' quiz that I have been working on. India recognises Sanskrit as an official language (not nationally), and Prakrit is a proposed official language (also not nationally), both languages I have considered. If I 'include' them, and same goes for Latin, I would have automatically filled the answer in like I did on this quiz for the virtually-impossible-to-map-Romani language. There are claims that a couple of villages in India speak Sanskrit natively, but considering I have never heard a reliable source on this, and said villages are never named, I don't buy it.
Good question about a topic that is most certainly up for debate, and apologies for rambling on so long :)
Asia is on the way! My biggest problem, moving away from Europe, is not so much the sheer number of languages, but rather that the protection of minority languages is often poorly legislated and the vague status of languages makes it difficult to know which languages to add. I have the list for Asia pretty much finalised, but I don't feel so comfortable arguing why I did/didn't choose specific languages, for example, as I do with the final list for this quiz.
Hope that is a good answer to both your comments!
i havent seen any on this site lately, but can you make a "win the election" quiz?
I expect to add Breton in future, either after looking it over again or when France (hopefully) begins to extend Breton language rights even further :)
Again, big thanks for the share, I am going to have fun looking through it :D
Also, can you please accept "Circassian" for Adyghe? I tried it and it doesn't work, but Wikipedia says that Adyghe is often called "West Circassian" so I think it would make sense to have it as a type-in.
The languages of Russia are fascinating, and I hope that more people can learn about them. You can find Finnish's cousin Karelian and the Inuit language of Yupik in the same country, but only 35 languages are official at the regional level. Glad you enjoyed the quiz and thanks for playing!
I'm doing the "reading the world" challenge, and I wanted a Monégasque classic. I asked for help at cultural institutions of Monaco, and the e-mail I received in return was written in French (my French is pretty good, at least in reading), clearly by someone whose mother tongue is not French, and yet is definitely a citizen of Monaco. When he sent me the book (bilingual, Monégasque and French), he added a bilingual calendar, a bilingual collection of local recipes and such stuff. It appears to be in use.
The fact that very few people speak it as their mother tongue doesn't mean that it cannot be spoken by lots of others as a language learnt later and used every day. This website mentions 5100 speakers:
https://omniglot.com/writing/monegasque.htm
So I wonder.
Otherwise thank you for this great quiz! :) It's absolutely fascinating, I love language quizzes, especially if they include regional languages, too.
And you're right, I hadn't realised how much of a dialect Luxembourgish truly is until recent. I've used this quote on another quiz before, but with risk of overwearing it, a student in sociolinguist Max Weinreich's class once remarked that "a language is a dialect with an army and a navy" and I find this very fitting.
Thanks for playing and I'm glad you liked the quiz :)
It's very hard to judge whether Serbo-Croatian is one language or several, though. I have a few friends from that region. I asked them once if they needed to translate from one language to another. They said people who had grown up in the former Yugoslavia could perfectly understand one another, but for young people it was increasingly difficult.
I thought it was because of rapid changes; they said it wasn't, it was because Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin had been separate languages for a while, but no one had noticed back in Yugoslavia, because every TV channel and radio station had broadcast programmes in every language. People at that time were actually multilingual without even noticing it. Now that they don't have the same stations and channels and more, the languages appear to be more and more different.
Of course if you're from that area, you know better. I don't know where you're from.
It is a very interesting dilemma, and I can see how the line becomes very unclear. Without exposure I have heard that speakers of High German in Berlin have a hard time understanding people who speak Swiss German or Austro-Bavarian German, yet those are commonly considered the same language. In this case, I saved myself from a difficult decision and went with Serbo-Croatian, as it is most common on other Jetpunk quizzes. If not for the quiz format.
I try and listen to the opinions of people from the locale, but I also take perspectives into account. For example a Portuguese speaker is likely to claim that Galician is a Portuguese dialect, while Galician speakers are likely to claim that Galician is a completely different language.
I got 51 on my first try, which I'm fairly happy with. After looking at the answers I missed, there are only another four that I've heard of (and only one of them, Maltese, was particularly silly to forget), so I probably couldn't have gotten much better.
Well done on a great quiz.
They speak in Friesland Frisian.
There is a dialect called "West-Fries" (West Frisian) which is spoken in the region West-Friesland, which is in the province North-Holland. This dialect is complete different from Frisian.
Also curious as to why Breton is not listed.
Breton lacks much recognition in its native Brittany, so it is not included. Same goes for Friulian, perhaps the most significant language left out.
(Joking. I'm excited for the next one, South America or otherwise)
10/10
Particlarly enjoyed reading the comments, interesting and nearly all constructive, unlike the carping, points-scoring mentality one gets on many of the other chats.
Linguists must be a particularly nice bunch of people!
One thing I noticed on Jetpunk is that my larger projects like this one tend to bring out a lot more passion in other quiztakers too. Linguists can talk about their hobbies here and non-linguists may be inspired to talk about their local minority languages as well. I like doing big projects here for that reason.
It's usually my smaller projects where I see more nitpicking in the comments. I still appreciate nitpickers though, I cannot imagine Jetpunk without that aspect, haha :)
I would love to do an African version someday soon, and I'd be happy to finish my American quiz too. I've been pretty busy these days but it's only a matter of when rather than if :)
As for the division in Turkey, it is because of the spread of the Kurdish language. The area is almost certainly exaggerated, and I believe the majority Kurdish areas are much smaller, but I have struggled to find more realistic maps for a long time now.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asturleonese_language