EIA multiple choice

1. When was the EIA directive introduced in the European Union?

1979

1990

1985

1987

2. What is described as a baseline study?

avoid, reduce, remedy

Developing and assessing impacts

collecting all relevant information on the current status of the environment

1. Flora and fauna 2. Soil 3. Water 4. Air

3. What is stage B of SEA?

provide amenity sites

collect all relevant information on the current status of the environment

Developing and refining alternatives and assessing effects.

infrastructure and job creations

4. When was the EIA directive formally introduced into the UK through inclusion in the town and country planning regulations for England and Wales and in environmental assessment regulations for Scotland and Northern Ireland?

1985

1990

1987

1988

5. SCREENING: Under the EIA Directive, is an EIA required for the Nuclear waste storage at Port Clarence (Teeside) by Augean? Select the correct answer is an EAI mandatory (schedule 1) ? is the EIA required subject to Member States’ thresholds and criteria for projects (schedule 2)? based on scale, location sensitivity and/or potentially hazardous environmental effects? or Schedule 3?

An EAI is not needed because there is no potential environmental risk

An IEA is required subject to 'Thresholds and criteria' (schedule 2) based on location sensitivity AND potentially hazardous environmental effect

An IEA is required subject to 'Thresholds and criteria' (schedule 2) based on potentially hazardous environmental effects

An EIA is mandatory under Schedule 1

An EIA is not needed because this is only a minor modification of an existing project that already has an Environmental Statement (EIA report)

An EIA is recommended under Schedule 3

An IEA is required subject to 'Thresholds and criteria' (schedule 2) based on scale

An IEA is required subject to 'Thresholds and criteria' (schedule 2) based on location sensitivity

6. We identify impacts by looking for interactions between what parameters?

receptor versus activity

magnitude versus significance (of activity)

receptor versus magnitude

activity versus duration

activity versus probability

7. Fill in the blank in this sentence "Environmental impact prediction involves the identification of direct, indirect and ..... impacts"

Multiple

Environmental

Combined

Cumulative

8. Fill in the blank in this sentence " Impact prediction involves quantifying the nature of the impact, considering the timescale, probability, reversibility, and ....."

Habitats

Significance

Magnitude

Variance

9. The four types of impact identification methods described by Glasson et al (2012) are checklists, ..... networks, and overlay maps

Examples

Models

Matrices

Graphs

10. The four categories of impact prediction methods are calculation models, experimental tests, ..... and professional judgement.

Checklists

Physical simulations

Graphs

Physical stimulations

11. The weakness of experimental tests in impact prediction is that they can be ..... and unrepresentative

Time consuming

Misleading

Expensive

Unrealistic

12. The Leopold evaluation matrix assesses the interaction between ..... and importance (also known as significance)

Magnitude

Models

Receptors

Activity

13. Significance is based on consideration of probability and magnitude. The 7-point scale of environmental impact probability and magnitude is typically used in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). This scale helps to evaluate and quantify the potential impacts of a proposed project on the environment. What does (7, -7) signify?

medium/low probability, medium impact

high probability, low level of impact

low probability, high level of impact

total confidence, total impact

14. Significance is based on consideration of probability and magnitude. The 7-point scale of environmental impact probability and magnitude is typically used in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). This scale helps to evaluate and quantify the potential impacts of a proposed project on the environment. What does (4, -4) signify?

high probability, low level of impact

low probability, high level of impact

total confidence, total impact

medium/low probability, medium impact

15. Significance is based on consideration of probability and magnitude. The 7-point scale of environmental impact probability and magnitude is typically used in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). This scale helps to evaluate and quantify the potential impacts of a proposed project on the environment. What does (5, -3) signify?

medium/low probability, medium impact

low probability, high level of impact

total confidence, total impact

high probability, low level of impact

16. Significance is based on consideration of probability and magnitude. The 7-point scale of environmental impact probability and magnitude is typically used in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). This scale helps to evaluate and quantify the potential impacts of a proposed project on the environment. What does (2, -6) signify?

low probability, high level of impact

total confidence, total impact

high probability, low level of impact

medium/low probability, medium impact

17. What is Phase 1 of the ecological assessment?

general description of habitat types - covering study

species composition/abundance

very detailed surveys of key species

18. What is Phase 2 of the ecological assessment?

species composition/abundance

general description of habitat types - covering study

very detailed surveys of key species

19. What is Phase 3 of the ecological assessment?

very detailed surveys of key species

species composition/abundance

general description of habitat types - covering study

20. What constitutes an Impact Management Plan?

WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY

significance and importance

avoid, reduce, remedy

magnitude, timescale, reversibility

21. What are short term impacts?

1. Destruction of habitat during development; 2. potential environmental pollution during development.

1. permanent loss of habitat; 2. ongoing pollution; 3. change in the environment

climate change; biodiversity loss

22. What are medium term impacts?

1. Destruction of habitat during development; 2. potential environmental pollution during development.

1. permanent loss of habitat; 2. ongoing pollution; 3. change in the environment

climate change; biodiversity loss

23. What are long term impacts?

climate change; biodiversity loss

1. permanent loss of habitat; 2. ongoing pollution; 3. change in the environment

1. Destruction of habitat during development; 2. potential environmental pollution during development.

24. What governing department is responsible for EIA in England?

The Department of Communities and Local Government.

House of Commons

Local councils

Natural England

25. What is the correct order of the process of EIA?

1. Scoping 2. Background Surveys 3. Assessment of Impacts 4. Proposals for Mitigation or Compensation 5. Assessment of Residual Impacts

1. Background Surveys 2. Scoping 3. Assessment of Impacts 4. Proposals for Mitigation or Compensation 5. Assessment of Residual Impacts

1. Assessment of Impacts 2. Scoping 3. Background Surveys 4. Proposals for Mitigation or Compensation 5. Assessment of Residual Impacts

26. What elements of EIA make-up the 'Informal Consultation'?

Assessments of Impacts

Screening and Scoping

Background Surveys

27. When is EIA mandatory?

AONB's

Projects listed in Annex I of the directive

Listed buildings

28. 1. Crude-oil refinary 2. Thermal/nuclear power station 3. integrated chemical installation 4. long-distance railway traffic, airport, motorway What schedule are these projects examples from?

Schedule 2

Schedule 3

Schedule 1

29. What is assessed in this manor? 1. scale 2. vulnerability of location 3. potentially hazardous environmental effects/environmental sensitivity

Magnitude

Reactivity

Significance

30. Define scoping.

Identification of potential impacts and selection of key issues of concern so that these become the focus of future detailed investigations.

Deciding whether the nature of the action and its likely impacts are such that it should be submitted for formal environmental impact assessment.

31. Define screening.

Identification of potential impacts and selection of key issues of concern so that these become the focus of future detailed investigations.

Deciding whether the nature of the action and its likely impacts are such that it should be submitted for formal environmental impact assessment.

32. What are the strength and weakness of calculations/models?

strength: useful for visual impacts weakness: may be misleading

strength: versatile, can deal with complexity weakness: requires experience, difficult to substantiate

strength: quantitative objective weakness: data requirement simplifications

strength: can deal with complexity weakness: expensive and unrepresentative

33. What are the strength and weakness of experiments/tests?

strength: versatile, can deal with complexity weakness: requires experience, difficult to substantiate

strength: quantitative objective weakness: data requirement simplifications

strength: useful for visual impacts weakness: may be misleading

strength: can deal with complexity weakness: expensive and unrepresentative

34. What are the strength and weakness of physical simulation?

strength: can deal with complexity weakness: expensive and unrepresentative

strength: quantitative objective weakness: data requirement simplifications

strength: versatile, can deal with complexity weakness: requires experience, difficult to substantiate

strength: useful for visual impacts weakness: may be misleading

35. What are the strength and weakness of professional judgement?

strength: quantitative objective weakness: data requirement simplifications

strength: useful for visual impacts weakness: may be misleading

strength: can deal with complexity weakness: expensive and unrepresentative

strength: versatile, can deal with complexity weakness: requires experience, difficult to substantiate

36. How do we validate calculations/models?

identify data sources; demonstrate validity of the model

experimental arrangement show to be representative of actual conditions

define vantage points and consider any time-dependency

provide reasoning and supporting data; describe qualifications and experience

37. How do we validate experiments/tests

identify data sources; demonstrate validity of the model

provide reasoning and supporting data; describe qualifications and experience

define vantage points and consider any time-dependency

experimental arrangement show to be representative of actual conditions

38. How do we validate physical simulation?

define vantage points and consider any time-dependency

experimental arrangement show to be representative of actual conditions

provide reasoning and supporting data; describe qualifications and experience

identify data sources; demonstrate validity of the model

39. How do we validate professional judgment?

identify data sources; demonstrate validity of the model

define vantage points and consider any time-dependency

experimental arrangement show to be representative of actual conditions

provide reasoning and supporting data; describe qualifications and experience

40. These issues are in relation to what? 1. chemical types and concentrations 2. temporal spatial variations 3. public health impact (social) 4. vegetation and wildlife impacts (env) 5. impact on property values (economic)

Biodiversity index

Air quality

Habitat quality

Noise study

41. These issues are in relation to what? 1. amplitude, frequency, duration 2. temporal/spatial variations 3. public nuisance impact 4. wildlife disturbance impact 5. impact on property values

Air quality

Biodiversity index

Noise study

Landscape assessment

42. What is asked for scientific receptor evaluation?

who is affected? what is the amenity value?

is it a protected site/species? is there an official position?

is it rare? is it vulnerable/resilient is it recoverable?

43. What is asked for community receptor evaluation?

is it a protected site/species? is there an official position?

who is affected? what is the amenity value?

is it rare? is it vulnerable/resilient is it recoverable?

44. What is asked for policy receptor evaluation?

is it rare? is it vulnerable/resilient is it recoverable?

is it a protected site/species? is there an official position?

who is affected? what is the amenity value?

45. What is the correct order of the key stages of impact mitigation?

1. understand 2. identify 3. evaluate 4. manage

1. identify 2. understand 3. manage 4. evaluate

1. identify 2. understand 3. evaluate 4. manage

46. These examples measure the levels of what? - Star system - number system - restorative continuum

Restoration levels

Biodiversity levels

Mitigation levels

47. Which method is this describing = "Scope: specific to certain types of ecosystems, Measurement: uses credits based on the area and quality of restored or preserved resources, Regulatory Framework: well-established in the U.S"

Mitigation Banking

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG)

48. Which method is this describing = "Scope: encompasses a broader range of habitats and species, Measurement: uses biodiversity units to measure the net gain in biodiversity, Regulatory Framework: a newer concept being implemented in the UK and other regions"

Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG)

Mitigation Banking

49. What is Stage A of SEA?

Setting the contract and objectives, establishing the baseline and deciding on the scope

Developing and refining alternatives and assessing effects

50. What is Sustainability Appraisal (SA)?

An attempt to deal with multiple developments within the existing framework of the project-by-project EIA system

A systematic process that must be carried out during the preparation of local plans and spatial development strategies. Its role is to promote sustainable development by assessing the extent to which the emerging plan, when judged against reasonable alternatives, will help to achieve relevant environmental, economic and social objectives

A systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of proposed policy, plan or programme (PPP) initiatives in order to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the earliest appropriate stage of decision making on par with economic and social considerations

51. What is Cumulative Effects Assessment CEA?

An attempt to deal with multiple developments within the existing framework of the project-by-project EIA system

A systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of proposed policy, plan or programme (PPP) initiatives in order to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the earliest appropriate stage of decision making on par with economic and social considerations

A systematic process that must be carried out during the preparation of local plans and spatial development strategies. Its role is to promote sustainable development by assessing the extent to which the emerging plan, when judged against reasonable alternatives, will help to achieve relevant environmental, economic and social objectives

52. What is Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)?

A systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of proposed policy, plan or programme (PPP) initiatives in order to ensure they are fully included and appropriately addressed at the earliest appropriate stage of decision making on par with economic and social considerations

An attempt to deal with multiple developments within the existing framework of the project-by-project EIA system

A systematic process that must be carried out during the preparation of local plans and spatial development strategies. Its role is to promote sustainable development by assessing the extent to which the emerging plan, when judged against reasonable alternatives, will help to achieve relevant environmental, economic and social objectives

First submitted	January 6, 2025
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