Israel has three syllables, three consonants and three vowels.Its answer has three letters, Lithuania has four consonants. Then Guatemala shatters any pattern. Not seeing it yet.
Scambigol was Correct with what he said, but there is reason it goes in the order it does. If you know the order, you can figure out what the B's are. As a hint, I will el you the first "B" in the Lithuania one is Berlin.
If it is Berlin my solution has problems. What's next going west? Brussels should come before Paris. Everything made more sense with Prague and some of the other B's. Portugal could go either of two ways. Madrid, Rome, Athens. Madrid, Rabat, Algiers. In either case I think I've tried every possibility from Greece going both East and South with no success.
Think of the pattern of countries in the case of Guatemala and Lithuania. Guatemala to Mexico. Mexico to U.S.A, U.S.A to Canada. It doesn't really have anything to do with the direction they go in, just the order of countries.
It's the capitals of the largest country bordering the given country until you reach the largest country available: Poland, Germany, France, Brazil; Mexico, USA, Canada; Spain, Morocco, Algeria. I haven't figured out the last one, yet, and Kaliningrad is ignored, I think.