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1. Where the main part of the Soviet Union was located
Most of the USSR was located in Russia. It's largest republic was the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR).
Russia
Prussia
2. The capital is Moscow
The current capital of Russia is Moscow.
Russia
Prussia
3. First to adopt Lutheranism as a religion
The Kingdom State of Prussia adopted Lutheranism as a religion in 1525.
Russia
Prussia
4. Peter the Great largely modernized and made it a "European" superpower
Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. He modernized Russia through observing the ideas of European architecture and mannerisms and using it for Russia.
Russia
Prussia
5. Has/had a population of 140 million or more
Russia currently has a population of 143 million people.
Russia
Prussia
6. Used a governmental system of Communism
Russia used the governmental system of Communism during the Soviet Union.
Russia
Prussia
7. Has the motto of "God With Us"
Prussia's motto was "Gott mit uns" or "God With Us."
Russia
Prussia
8. Originated in 1525 with a duchy centered the southeast coast of Baltic Sea
Prussia was established in 1525 with a duchy in the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea.
Russia
Prussia
9. Colors of flag are black and white
Prussia's state flag was black and white stripes going horizontally to each other. It was later replaced with a black Prussian Eagle as a coat of arms on a white background bordered by a black line on the perimeter.
Russia
Prussia
10. Where Saint Petersburg is located
Saint Petersburg is located in the northwest of Russia.