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1.Where the main part of the Soviet Union was located
Russia
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Prussia
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Most of the USSR was located in Russia. It's largest republic was the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR).
2.The capital is Moscow
Russia
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Prussia
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The current capital of Russia is Moscow.
3.First to adopt Lutheranism as a religion
Russia
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Prussia
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The Kingdom State of Prussia adopted Lutheranism as a religion in 1525.
4.Peter the Great largely modernized and made it a "European" superpower
Russia
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Prussia
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Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. He modernized Russia through observing the ideas of European architecture and mannerisms and using it for Russia.
5.Has/had a population of 140 million or more
Russia
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Prussia
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Russia currently has a population of 143 million people.
6.Used a governmental system of Communism
Russia
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Prussia
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Russia used the governmental system of Communism during the Soviet Union.
7.Has the motto of "God With Us"
Russia
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Prussia
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Prussia's motto was "Gott mit uns" or "God With Us."
8.Originated in 1525 with a duchy centered the southeast coast of Baltic Sea
Russia
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Prussia
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Prussia was established in 1525 with a duchy in the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea.
9.Colors of flag are black and white
Russia
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Prussia
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Prussia's state flag was black and white stripes going horizontally to each other. It was later replaced with a black Prussian Eagle as a coat of arms on a white background bordered by a black line on the perimeter.
10.Where Saint Petersburg is located
Russia
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Prussia
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Saint Petersburg is located in the northwest of Russia.