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Biggest Cities of the Caliphate of Córdoba (Al-Andalus) in 1000 AD

With the help of a map, can you name the most populous cities of the Umayyad Caliphate in Al-Andalus (modern-day Iberia) with an estimated population of over 3,000 at its peak around 1000 AD?
Click on the map to zoom in.
Sources used for population estimates listed in this Pastebin.
Some of these cities no longer exist.
Quiz by
Dekkie
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Last updated: August 30, 2025
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First submittedDecember 17, 2022
Times taken525
Average score51.4%
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Population
Cities
250,000
Qurtubah
(Córdoba)
17,000
Madinat al-Zahra
16,000
Tulaytulah
(Toledo)
15,000
Sijilmasa
(Rissani)
14,000
Saraqustah
(Zaragoza)
11,000
Maridah
(Mérida)
10,000
Mursiyyah
(Murcia)
9,000
Isbiliyyah
(Seville)
9,000
Nakur
(Bni Bouayach)
Population
Cities
8,000
Al-Aliya
(Fez, western side)
8,000
Balansiyyah
(Valencia)
8,000
Batalyaws
(Badajoz)
8,000
Madinat Ilbirah
(Atarfe)
8,000
Sabtah
(Ceuta)
7,000
Madinat Fas
(Fez, eastern side)
6,000
Istiggah
(Écija)
6,000
Malaqah
(Málaga)
6,000
Qarmunah
(Carmona)
Population
Cities
5,000
Agadir
(Tlemcen)
5,000
Al-Usbunah
(Lisbon)
5,000
Basra al-Hamra
(Jâaouna Lbasra)
5,000
Madinat Mayurqah
(Palma de Mallorca)
4,000
Barbastur
(Barbastro)
4,000
Bayyasah
(Baeza)
4,000
Laridah
(Lleida)
4,000
Madinat al-Mariyyah
(Almería)
4,000
Wasqah
(Huesca)
Population
Cities
3,000
Abilah
(Ávila)
3,000
Anduyar
(Andújar)
3,000
Qulumriyyah
(Coimbra)
3,000
Salmantiqah
(Salamanca)
3,000
Tanyah al-Baydah
(Tangier)
3,000
Tarrakunah
(Tarragona)
3,000
Tutilah
(Tudela)
3,000
Turtusah
(Tortosa)
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5 Comments
+2
Level 55
Dec 17, 2022
It should probably be noted that estimates for the held cities in Africa were manually calculated through the approximate size of their site due to a lack of data.

Melilla's site for the longest time was probably relatively small at around 10 ha.

Ceuta's site at the other hand was probably one of a major city at this point, with a site of around 100 ha. 1200 estimates put the population at 40,000 (though probably too high).

Tangier supposedly did not grow much outside its Roman walls until the modern era, with its enclosed site measuring about 20 ha.

For all these sites, an estimate population density of around 150 to 250 people per hectare is assumed. While this is error prone, this is a realistic method used by multiple professional estimates.

+1
Level 63
Dec 17, 2022
I was surprised that Qādis wasn't on the quiz. Also it says dPopulation in the columns. Cool quiz.
+3
Level 55
Dec 17, 2022
Thanks! It's very likely that Cádiz was nothing more than just a small village at this point, as my sources record it at a mere 1k. While it was a major port city under the Romans (around 15k-ish?), it's clear that it didn't start growing again until the 13th century.
+2
Level 69
Aug 28, 2025
I like how it sometimes pays off in these quizzes to be slightly bad at geography. Had I only known that Agadir is somewhere in Morocco and not also that it is on the West coast far more to the south I might have guessed it :D But I dont wanna complain, profited many times from this effect in US quizzes :D
+1
Level 55
Aug 28, 2025
It’s funny, to be honest.

The Agadir as referred to on this quiz here lied on the outskirts of what later became the old town of Tlemcen. Supposedly, the location where Agadir was located was converted to gardens later in history.