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Biggest Cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with a Map

With the help of a map, can you name the most populous cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with an estimated population of over 5,000 at its territorial apex in 1618?
Click on the map to zoom in.
Sources used for population estimates listed in this Pastebin.
Both historical and modern-day names accepted.
Quiz by Dekkie
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Last updated: July 22, 2024
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First submittedApril 3, 2022
Times taken1,073
Average score42.5%
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Population
City
44k
Smoleńsk
(Smolensk)
40k
Gdańsk
40k
Wilno
(Vilnius)
28k
Kraków
20k
Poznań
20k
Toruń
15k
Elbląg
15k
Iași
15k
Königsberg
(Kaliningrad)
14k
Kijów
(Kyiv)
Population
City
12k
Kamieniec Podolski
(Kamianets-Podilskyi)
12k
Lwów
(Lviv)
12k
Warsaw
10k
Ryga
(Riga)
8k
Korsuń
(Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi)
8k
Suceava
7k
Kaniów
(Kaniv)
7k
Mińsk
(Minsk)
6k
Czerkasy
(Cherkasy)
6k
Przemyśl
Population
City
6k
Równe
(Rivne)
5k
Bochnia
5k
Braniewo
5k
Bydgoszcz
5k
Dorpat
(Tartu)
5k
Gniezno
5k
Grodno
5k
Humań
(Uman)
5k
Jarosław
5k
Kazimierz
(Kazimierz Dolny)
Population
City
5k
Krzemieniec
(Kremenets)
5k
Lublin
5k
Malbork
5k
Nowy Sącz
5k
Olkusz
5k
Płock
5k
Sandomierz
5k
Słuck
(Slutsk)
5k
Witebsk
(Vitebsk)
5k
Zamość
8 Comments
+3
Level 45
Jul 9, 2023
Świdnik seems to be a joke. I cant find any article about swidnik to be the signuficant city in RON
+2
Level 55
Jul 9, 2023
Paul Bairoch estimates the population of said city at 6k in 1600 in his book "La Population Des Villes Europeennes". It's true though that discrepancies can happen and that estimates should always be taken with a grain of salt.
+3
Level 55
Jul 22, 2024
This city is no longer included. This was actually a mistake by the author, who meant to include the similarly named "Świdnica" instead. This city wasn't part of the Commonwealth, but rather part of a vassal duchy of the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Habsburgs at this point in time.
+1
Level 65
Sep 10, 2023
Welp, managed to miss Warsaw somehow.
+1
Level 39
Jul 23, 2024
Where Moscow?
+1
Level 55
Jul 24, 2024
Moscow was only occupied between 1610 and 1612.
+1
Level 58
Aug 9, 2024
Good map and reasonably good representation. I cannot believe Smolensk was so (relatively) big at that time. Also interesting reminder that Torun used to be bigger than Bydgoszcz, now it's the other way around.

Few minor suggestions: Greater Poland and lesser Poland in grey are way too big. Greater Poland was just a small part around Poznan. Eastward is Masovia. Likewise Lesser Poland is just a small area around Krakow, I certainly wouldn't stretch it anywhere near Lviv or certainly not further east, that's just not accurate. Another minor suggestion: I do not think of Braniewo when I see that location on the map, and I really doubt it reached 5K population at that time, since per wikipedia in (in Polish) its 1792 population was below 5K. I would instead consider Frombork, that was the main city in the area and where Copernicus worked.

+1
Level 55
Aug 9, 2024
Thanks!

To respond to your suggestions: The defintions of Greater Poland and Lesser Poland go by their defined old provincial boundaries and aren't comparable to the modern areas.

Braniewo is suggested to have been that populated around this time, especially as suggested by Paul Bairoch. City populations have always declined, increased and stagnated. A population count from almost two centuries later can thus absolutely be similar.

That being said, a main administrative city in the area usually doesn't really mean that it was the largest in the area.