Modern-Day Countries of the Chinese Empire under the Tang Dynasty

Thanks!

Thanks!

Thanks!

They were mostly frontier areas that existed as "protectorates" of the empire which had protector generals or puppet khagans appointed by the emperor (e.g. Anxi, Kunling and Menchi respectively in the region of Central Asia). The westernmost protectorate bordering the Aral Sea, Kunling, probably ended as late as 751 AD after the Battle of Talas.

Most of the regions here in modern-day Afghanistan and Pakistan were about a dozen of vassal states subject to China rather than just tributaries. This was rather short-lived though and control in that region would end after about only seven years in 667 AD.