Edexcel History 8. Germany United

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Answer

That which was helped to power by the two non-political factors of the charismatic leadership of Hitler, and a sympathetic and lenient judiciary

That Länder which most opposed unification with the German Empire

That group in which unrest was caused during the First World War from 1916, by the decrease in the value of their savings due to inflation

That market which grew exponentially during the First World War

The first law passed under the Enabling Act in March 1933 which dissolved all diets of the Länder except Prussia, reforming them with Nazi majorities, under the pretext of restoring order, against violence being stoked by the SA

He who suggested a government of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), Centre Party (ZP), and German Progress Party (DFP), be formed under Prince Maximilian von Baden, so as to democratise and thus quell unrest and increase Germany's negotiating position, while saving as much of the old system as possible, and also passing blame for defeat to the Reichstag

Literally, enemies of the empire, such as France, Catholics, or socialists, used by Bismarck to unite the German population, and distract people from calling for democracy

A significant right wing, anti-semitic conservative party which much opposed the Weimar Republic, winning 10.3% of the vote in 1919

That fundamental law of the German Empire which granted unique powers to the Southern States, by allowing them to retain their own railways and postal systems, and exempting them from taxes on beers and spirits

The fundamental law of the Weimar Republic that established a federal republic with a national army under an elected President with the power to dismiss the Chancellor and dissolve the Reichstag, elected proportionally by all Germans over 20

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Answer

He whose reforms failed to prevent revolution as they came too late, being instituted on the same day as the Kiel Mutiny's precursor, the Wilhelmshaven Mutiny began, while being seen as illegitimate by the large monarchist and smaller communist populations

The derogatory name given to those who signed the armistice agreement

He whom was distrustful of Catholics and the Centre Party as most were from the only recently unified southern states (many of which had supported Austria in 1866) or from Polish and French minorities, which together with the Syllabus of Errors and the Church's support for Polish language teaching, called their loyalty into question

That party which Bismarck was willing to abandon over tariffs in 1879 as the Centre Party and the conservatives were now dominant in the Reichstag, while he also hoped correctly that such a move would split said party, leaving it with only its more conservative members

That which served as a stabilising and unifying factor in the German Empire as the universal suffrage of its franchise helped foster a German identity while also providing a non-violent outlet to those seeking change

That 1933 act which passed as the 81 communists were banned from taking their seats, while the Nazis and German National People's Party (DNVP) gained the support of the 74 seat Centre Party by guaranteeing freedom for Catholic schools and that the restoration of rights after four years as written into the act, would be honoured

A February 1933 decree by Paul von Hindeburg on the advice of Hitler that removed freedom of speech and the freedom to protest, and allowed for unlimited detention of political prisoners (mostly communists), in response to the burning of the Reichstag by a Dutch communist

They which were problematic as a basis for state decision making as they were often conflicting and invariably vague, leaving them open to very different interpretation, in an almost feudal and chaotic totalitarian system

Chancellor from October to November 1918 who obtained the resignations of Hindenburg and Ludendorff, entered unsuccessful peace negotiations with the Allies, abolished the Prussian three-class franchise, made the Chanellor, government, and military accountable to the Reichstag, and offered support to the 1917 Peace Resolution and Wilson's Fourteen Points

That, which under Joseph Goebbels saw great success in the fact that it reinforced already existing beliefs and ideas, quietened dissent by promoting an image of national consensus, and took great care to respond at least superficially to the concerns of the masses such as regarding food prices (gathered through various state agencies), allowing the regime to remain popular