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Edexcel History 9. Germany Divided and Reunited

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Last updated: February 13, 2020
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First submittedFebruary 9, 2020
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Question or Term
Answer
He who called the March 1990 GDR elections in a desperate attempt to save the political system
Hans Modrow
That of the GDR with collapsed in the Summer of 1990 against newly affordable western goods (due to the 1:1 exchange rate), with farmers unable to compete with the FRG and EEC and unemployment reaching 20%, making speedy reunification necessary
Economy
The 1949 FRG Constitution (intended to be provisional), written on the urgent instigation of the Western Allies, particularly the US as the Cold War developed, leading them to drop demands for reform and denazification
Basic Law
He whose priority was economic and political integration, as opposed to Kurt Schumacher who prioritised German reunification
Konrad Adenauer
The charismatic 'right-wing' SPD mayor of West Berlin who helped revitalise the party and unite it around the Godesberg Program in 1959, though not becoming leader until 1964
Willy Brandt
The highest court in Germany created under the Basic Law, to protect the Constitution, settle disputes between the federal government and Länder, and reduce the possibility of extremist parties gaining power
Federal Constitutional Court
He who began allowing free travel from the GDR from 1986 as he was under popular and party pressure to do so, believing it would stifle calls for emigration and permanent settlement in the FRG (the opposite of which occurred) and improve relations with its FRG creditor
Erich Honecker
The democracy formed in 1949 out of the West and South of Germany, constituting the former British, American, and French occupation zones
Federal Republic of Germany
That organisation German membership of which was a prerequisite of the US accepting German reunification
NATO
The country which Adenauer pushed for closer relations and ties with, seeing it as crucial for stability, peace, and prosperity in Europe
France
Question or Term
Answer
The two key parties that formed in West Germany in 1945 alphabetically, the former being an amalgamation of former liberal and conservative parties with many former members of the re-established Centre Party, and the latter a party refounded much in the same form as when dissolved
Christian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party
Leader of the GDR from October to December 1989 who (though continuing anti-Western propaganda) tried to appease protesters (1m in East Berlin on 4th November alone) by reorganising the leadership and easing travel restrictions, only encouraging protesters further
Egon Krenz
That which most GDR citizens did having crossed the border on 9th November 1989 to a celebratory welcome in the FRG, though many planned to leave permanently and calls for reunification grew
Return
Those two countries which refugees traveled through on their way to the FRG after the GDR banned travel to Hungary in September 1989, 9,000 leaving every day by the end of November, alphabetically
Czechoslovakia and Poland
Those types of parties that have gained a foothold in eastern Germany since reunification due in part to being accustomed to strong central authority and resenting large foreign worker population brought in by the government, many Turkish
Extremist Parties
The December 1989 rebranding of the SED, abandoning Marxism-Leninism having rescinded the clause of the constitution defining the GDR as a socialist state under SED leadership on the 1st, ending the party's domination and seeing Egon Krenz and the Politburo resign
Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)
That area which under the Basic Law remained under Allied military occupation as the USSR would not allow otherwise, its population being non-voting citizens able only to elect observers to the Bundesrat, though otherwise sharing the same rights and liberties as well as the rarely used ability to reject federal laws
West Berlin
That country the principal problems in which by 1989 were that it had a low standing of living compared to the FRG (though the highest in the East), economic inequality particularly between the general public and government and Stasi members, and economic problems causing low investment and falling real wages
German Democratic Republic
FRG CDU Chancellor from 1982 to 1998 who pursued a policy of maintaining balance and stability in Europe through East-West cooperation and on supporting and reforming/democratising the GDR rather than seeking reunification
Helmut Kohl
A much debated document issued by Stalin in 1952 proposing a neutral, disarmed, and reunified Germany with free and fair observed elections, rejected by the Western Allies and even more strongly by Adenauer as an aggressive move to forestall FRG reintegration into Europe and the world economy
Stalin/March Note
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