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Answer
Largest town on the Orkney Islands
Kirkwall
449 foot red sandstone sea stack off the island of Hoy
Old Man of Hoy
Name given to someone from the Orkney Islands
Orcadian
Ornate Catholic place of worship in the Orkney Islands, built during WW2 by POWs
Italian Chapel
Sheltered body of water in the Orkneys which was the main British naval base during WW2
Scapa Flow
Protective causeways linking some of the islands, intended to prevent enemy submarines from entering the above body of water and attacking the fleet
Churchill Barriers
Remarkable prehistoric village which is one of Orkney's most-visited ancient sites
Skara Brae
Second-most populous town which has a ferry service to Scrabster on the mainland
Stromness
According to the 'Orkneyinga Saga' this man was the most powerful of all the earls of Orkney
Thorfinn the Mighty
Orkney born physician Thomas Stewart Traill edited the 8th edition of this prestigious encyclopaedia while a Professor at the University of Edinburgh
Encyclopaedia Britannica
In October 1939, this battleship, moored in the Orkneys, was sunk by a German U-boat
Royal Oak
The village of Burwick on this island is the closest Orkney harbour to the Scottish mainland
South Ronaldsay
Large stone circle dating from the late Neolithic period, which has a ditch and causeways
Ring of Brodgar
Britain’s most northerly Cathedral, known as the ‘Light in the North’
St. Magnus
Small, fertile island, to the north of the island of Westray. The two islands are connected by the shortest scheduled passenger flight in the world at under two minutes
Not sure what's happened to the layout of the final question though as the 'by' is on it's own line and makes the question difficult to read.