History 101 final- terms

A time after the classical period of ancient Greek and Latin culture

The migration and settlement of Polynesian peoples in island chains in the Pacific

The Chinese Dynasty that restored the Pax Sinica and developed many inventions, issued the world's first paper money. "The Commercial Dynasty"

The world's first paper currency, issued by the above dynasty.

A doctorine stating the pope is the rightful head of the Christian Church as successor to Peter

China's civil servants who have passed the imperial examination

The Chinese custom of binding young women's feet painfully tight to prevent further growth

Took place in 1054, The Bishop of Rome sent a personal representative to meet with the Bishop of Constantinople, they disagreed about the Nicene Creed

In this society, peasants are known as vassals and they are given a piece of land in return for serving a lord or king. Europe's response to instability after the fall of Rome

Qualities idealized by medieval society, especially nights

A religious order founded by Francis of Assisi (1209). They are dedicated to living a life of poverty, charity and chastity

The dispersal of the Jewish people across Europe and the Middle East after the Romans destroyed Jerusalem's Temple in 70 CE

Gun powder, magnetic compass, moveable type for printing, and paper; These were all known as:

He called for a campaign to liberate Jerusalem and win back the Holy Lands

Nomadic people who's economy revolves around animal husbandry. Generally tribal people

A huge response to the Pope's call; military expeditions sanctioned by the Pope

(1202-1204) Intended to regain the Holy Lands, but conquered Constantinople instead, proclaimed it a latin empire under the pope

The complete reconquest of Spain from Muslim rulers in 1492

"The Great Charter" signed in 1215 by King John. Put legal limits on Royal Power in England.

Associations of merchants and craftspeople that work together for the common good. Set prices and laws and offered protection to members

Mongolian Pastoralist, united all Mongolian tribes. The "Great King" and his decedents conquered the largest continuous empire

The grandson of "The Great King", overthrew the Song dynasty in China and founded his own Dynasty in 1271; moved the capital to Beijing

The first decisive defeat of the Mongol forces by the Turks. Halted the Mongol advance into Northern Africa and Western Europe.

A sustained peace across Eurasia. Trade flourished, people, goods and ideas moved freely due to the Mongol Empire

An Italian merchant who traveled across the Mongol Empire (1271-1295) He wrote and published a book: A Description of the World

Moroccan Islamic scholar who traveled across the Islamic world- Africa and South East Asia

Pandemic disease that spread everywhere in Asia, and devastated Europe in 1350, killing 30-50% of the European population

The persecution and discrimination of Jews. The Jews were accused of causing the Plague

A group of people that thought the end of the world was about to occur; Flagellents

Differing economic and political structures of the native peoples before Columbus arrived

People of the highland Peru, built an large empire in South America beginning in the 1300s.

The capital of the Incan Empire, the "belly button" of the empire

Communities the Incas forced to settle in designated regions for strategic purposes

Strings of knots used to keep records; such as births, deaths and marriages

Major civilization in Southeast MesoAmerica with the only fully developed written language in pre-Columbian America.

Solar calendar with fixed dates and starting and ending points.

Ethnic group originally from nomadic Mexico (1250 CE) Barbarians that excelled at warfare

The island city istablished by the Mexica in 1325, the Aztec capital

An alliance between Mexica and two other simular cities near lake Texcoco

This empire gained control of central Mexico. Subjects had to pay taxes, but they could continue their culture.

African ethnic group sharing a common linguistic ancestry who originated in West Africa

Hourglass shaped drum from West Africa, used to mimic tones of human speach

Empire founded by the Muslim Keit, a clan/dynasty in the West African Sahel

Most famous trading city in West Africa; becomes the center of the gold and salt trade

Emperor/King of the Mali Empire who built a great mosque in Timbuktu. Greatly helped with the spread of Islam through Africa.

Language that developed from the interaction between the Arabs and Native Africans along the East African coast

Islamic imperial people who began to build an empire in the wake of the Mongolian decline. Powerful military, conquered Constantinople

The turks conquered this city in 1453 and renamed it Istanbul

Grand Prince of Moscow, tripled the size of his kingdom and decisively defeated the Mongols.

Term used to describe Moscow and the Russian Christian Church after the fall of Constantinople

Chinese dynasty founded by the Mongol, Kublai Khan. (1271-1368)

European revival of ancient learning, art and philosophy began in northern Italy.

The view that sensory experience is the only source of useful and true knowledge

The importance of the human experience, dignity and concerns; use reason to solve problems

A seasonal weather pattern of reversing wind, accompanied by corresponding changes in rain

Chinese admiral who undertook multiple voyages of discovery during the above dynasty, traveled to collect tribute from foreign rulers and to project power.

The only state reliable route from Asia to Europe (the Mediterranean World)

Chinese dynasty established after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty. Reestablished ethnic Han rule in China after a century of Mongol rule.

Italian polymath, talented in painting, sculpting, architecture, science and music

Small highly agile sailing ships designed for exploration, developed in the 15th century

Portuguese monarch famous for patronizing a school of navigation in Lisbon.

A Portuguese sailor who reached India in 1498

The early stone age

Selective breeding of animals and the cultivating crops

Male dominant society, ruled by the fathers

Flat lands where mud and sediment carried by rivers renews the land and enriches the soil

"Land between two rivers" city located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Independent political entities in Mesopotamia, each had their own governments. Babylon, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Erida and Ur

Comprehensive set of laws of commercial and family laws. Written by Babylonians, 1750 BCE

A disease transmitted by flies, makes effected humans and animals sleepy and can be deadly

Different types of bones that were used for divination in ancient China

Chinese moral belief that heaven in trust/withdraws the right to rule. Their justification for overthrowing dynasties

Chinese moral philosopher (500 BCE): Humans can improve themselves through effort, education and rituals

Philosophy: Human nature is evil and chaotic, people either farm or serve in the military strong central government, harsh laws. scholars and merchant class are suppressed

Legacies of the Han Dynasty

"action" good or bad action attached to your soul

Four Noble Truths

Chinese pilgrim that traveled to India in 400 CE. He collected Buddhist sculptures to translate. Helped with the spread of Buddhism

God's intervention in the world. Part of the Hebrew tradition

The first alphabetic script to be widely used, helped to promote trading.

Wars fought between Greece and Persia in the 5th century BCE. Greece won against many odds

Tight knit, small community of ancient Greeks who agreed on certain rules and customs

Using human reason to solve problems

King of an ancient Greek Kingdom, Macedon. Went on many military campaigns through Africa and Asia. He created one of the largest empires by the age of 30. undefeated and successful.

The spread of Greek culture and ideas across Alexander the Great's Empire. Spread architecture, art, and philosophy.

Legacy of the Roman Empire

A series of conflicts between Rome and Carthage (264-146). Roman victory, the fighting transformed Rome and the way they thought about the world

"The Roman Peace" A prolonged period of peace and prosperity (aprox 250 years)

The first orthodox statement of Christian belief under the offices of Constantine I. The church councils accepted 4 gospels

"the great" Roman Emperor, built a capital city in the Eastern part of the empire- Constantinople. He promoted and favored the new religion, Christianity.

Five pillars of Islam

The two major religious sects of Islam, profound disagreement over who should have been the first Caliph

Thought the new Caliph should have been the prophet's son-in-law, a blood relative, Ali

The Caliph was chosen by a council and a vote. The more numerous faction

All other religions that have a holy book or Bible

A person of the Jewish faith who cultivate mystic beliefs and practices not interested in sharia law

An institution of higher learning in the Islamic world

A merit based exam system to selective local talent for civil service. Developed during the Han Dynasty in China

The Legacy of the Gupta Empire

Indian polytheistic religion, developed out of vedic traditions in India. A response to Buddhism

Set of edicts issued by the Japenese Emperor trying to enhance power by adopting the Chinese form of a highly centralized government

The integration of people and communities

Legacy of the Abbasid Cliphate

Created a new alphabet, Christianized Slavic people of Central Europe and developed an alphabet for them closely related to Greek.

A King in modern day Ukraine (900s) converted to Christianity and had subjects baptized