Cities that were once, or are located on the site of, a Roman or Byzantine capital
Avignon
Sofia
Tripoli
Milan
Turin
Byblos
Damascus
Izmir
Florence
Antalya
İzmit
Rome
Ravenna
Istanbul
Nicosia
Alexandria
YES
NO
Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire for the greatest amount of time, and the same can be said for Constantinople (Istanbul) as the capital of the Eastern Roman (and Byzantine) Empire. Mediolanum, which used to exist on the spot where Milan stands today, was the capital of the Western Roman Empire between 286 and 402, while Ravenna was the capital from 402 to 476. Nicomedia, which stood on the same spot as modern İzmit, was the eastern capital of the Roman Empire from 286 to 330.
Question 4 of 5
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Cities that were national capitals in South America in 1830
Belo Horizonte
Rio de Janeiro
La Paz
Georgetown
Bogotá
Lima
Asunción
Quito
Manaus
Paramaribo
Santiago
Caracas
Cayenne
Montevideo
Buenos Aires
Sao Paulo
YES
NO
Bogotá was the capital of Gran Colombia, Buenos Aires was the capital of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and Rio was the capital of the Empire of Brazil. Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Uruguay existed in 1830, and had the same capitals that they have today.
Question 5 of 5
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Cities that were founded after 1800
Busan
Budapest
Bonn
Sydney
Vladivostok
Ashgabat
Nur-Sultan
Brasília
Nairobi
Haifa
Tirana
Recife
Islamabad
Cape Town
Mogadishu
St. Louis
YES
NO
Nur-sultan was founded first, as Akmoly in 1830. Vladivostok was founded in 1860, followed by Budapest, which formed in 1873 from the unification of Buda, Pest and Óbuda. Next was Ashgabat, which was founded in 1881. Nairobi was founded in 1899. Brasília was build in the 1950s and completed in 1960, while construction of Islamabad began during that same year. Essential development work for the city was completed in 1966.