A Level Geography Key Terms: Carbon

Key terms from the Edexcel A level syllabus

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Last updated: December 13, 2021

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Hint	Answer
Being able to access reliable and affordable sources of energy	Energy security
The Arctic region is warming twice as fast as the global average	Arctic Amplification
Biological and chemical processes determine how much carbon on Earth's surface is stored and released at any one time (Carbon Cycle)	Biogeochemical
Describes the range and combination of sources required to supply a country with energy	Energy mix
When a country imports more energy than it produces domestically	Energy deficit
One of Earth's major climate regulating ocean currents. It transports warm water which then sinks, cools and heads south again	Gulf Stream
Movements of carbon from one store to another	Flux
Break down of organic matter, releasing CO2 into the soils	Decomposition
When external shocks in trade partners supply can make energy unaffordable	Fuel Poverty
Unconventional oil source; found in oceanic crust	Deep water oil
Emitting carbon into the atmosphere as a result of volcanic eruptions	Outgassing
The removal and storage of carbon from the atmosphere	Carbon sequestration

Hint	Answer
Type of carbon: Found in plant materials	Organic
Methane or natural gas held in underground sandstone and shale; extracted via fracking	Shale gas
Type of carbon: Found in rocks as biocarbonates and carbonate	Inorganic
Type of carbon: Found as CO2, CH4, and CO	Gaseous
When the maximum rate of petroleum production is reached, after which it will decline sharply	Peak oil
Fuels produced from organic matter	Biofuels
Unconventional oil source made from sand, clay, water and bitumen	Tar sands
A natural cycle that moves carbon between land, oceans and atmosphere (Carbon Cycle)	Geological
Release of CO2 into the atmosphere as animals breathe	Respiration
Removal of CO2 from the atmosphere to promote plant growth	Photosynthesis
Describes the flow of energy between a producer and a consumer, and how it reaches the consumer	Energy pathway