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Hint
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Answer
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more educated parents more likely to use praise
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Feinstein
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speech codes - elaborated and restricted
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Bernstein
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working class parents places less value on education
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Douglas
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key features of working class subculture that block educational success
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Sugarman
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children can't be deprived of their own culture
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Keddie
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deprived children have lower intake of calories and vitamins
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Howard
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the cost of free schooling - transport, equipment, uniforms ect
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Bull
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three types of capital - cultural, educational and economic
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Bourdieu
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cultural capital explained in part but not full achievement gap
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Sullivan
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teachers judge pupils based on how closely they fit "ideal pupil"
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Becker
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told teachers some students would spurt ahead to test self fulfilling prophecy
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Rosenthal + Jacobson
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children in high stream improved IQ + in low stream decline in IQ score
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Douglas
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A to C economy and educational triage
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Gillborn + Youdell
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development of subculture through differentiation and polarisation
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Lacey
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variety of pupil responses to teacher labelling
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Fuller
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functions of education are social solidarity and teacher skills
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Durkheim
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education is a meritocracy + everyone has equality of opportunity
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Parsons
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schools have middle class habitus giving middle class students advantage
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Bourdieu
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schools provide role allocation where teaches tell students best suited job
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Davis + Moor
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symbolic capital, symbolic violence and hyper-heterosexual identities
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Archer
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consumer choice - new right perspective of marketisation of education
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Chubb + Moe
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girls magazines used to focus on relationships but now focus on career
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McRobbie
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girls ambitions have changed - in 1970s wanted husband, now want career
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Sharpe
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schools have become more meritocratic for gender due to policy changes
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Boaler
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girls are better at coursework because they are more conscious and better organised
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Mitsos + Browne
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coursework doesn't account for gender gap as exams are more important for grades
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Elwood
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boys get more attention but are disciplines more harshly + felt picked on by teachers
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Francis
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boys dominate larger discussion + girls do better in pairs + are better at listening
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Swann
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marketisation improved opportunities for girls who are more attractive to schools
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Jackson
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working class girls have a preference for local universities
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Archer
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schools have been feminised - reward feminine traits + do not nuture masculine ones
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Sewell
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decline in industry has led to an identity crisis for men reducing self esteem
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Mitsos + Browne
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most teachers regardless of gender have a disciplinarian "masculine" teaching style
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Read
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boys get bullied more for trying hard in class as education is seen as effeminate
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Epstein
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there is a moral panic about failing boys leading to policies shifting to focus on boys
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Ringrose
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girls and boys are socialised differently eg, different activities, clothes + toys
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Norman
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gender domains - certain activities are seen as "for boys" or "for girls"
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Ross + Browne
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children in same sex schools less likely to avoid "other gendered" subjects
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Leonard
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hegemonic masculinity which subordinates homosexual and feminine idenities
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Connell
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repressive state apparatus + ideological state apparatus including education
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Althusser
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correspondence principle + hidden curriculum + myth of meritocracy
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Bowles + Gintis
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