Genetic diversity

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Last updated: March 10, 2025

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Hint	Answer
what is a gene mutation	a change in the dna base sequence
when do most gene mutations take place	spontaneously during dna replication
what are factors that increase the rate of mutations	mutagens
when one base is replaced by another	substitution
when one base is removed from the dna sequence	deletion
what is an insertion mutation	when one base is added
what is it when the entire sequence is shifted after a mutation	frameshift
a change in the number or structure of chromosomes	chromosome mutation
how many divisions take place in meiosis	2
what is the purpose of meiosis	to produce gametes
what is it when chromosome number in a cell is reduced, typically by half	reduction division
why is meiosis important in organisms	to produce gametes
why is meiosis important in organisms	to produce genetic variation
name two processes in meiosis which lead to genetic variation	crossing over
	independent segregation
when does crossing over take place in meiosis	prophase I
when pairs of homologous chromosomes swap portions of their chromatids	crossing over

Hint	Answer
when does independent segregation take place in meiosis	metaphase I
when pairs of homologous chromosomes arrange themselves randomly	independent segregation
what's an allele	variant form of a gene
what does stabilising selection do	favours average phenotypes
what effect does stabilising selection have on the normal distribution curve	narrows it
a type of natural selection where one extreme phenotype is favoured over other phenotypes	directional selection
what is genetic diversity	the total number of different alleles in a population
what are the three main types of adaptations	anatomical
	physiological
	behavioural
physical features that help an organism survive and/or reproduce in its environment	anatomical adaptations
processes inside an organism that increase its chance of survival and/or reproduction	physiological adaptations
the ways an organism acts to increase its chance of survival and/or reproduction	behavioural adaptations
involves copying another animal's appearance or sounds to make predators think the organism is poisonous or dangerous	mimicry
what allows animal to blend into their environment	camouflage
Why are deletion mutations likely to change protein structure	cause a frameshift to the left
Why are insertion mutations likely to affect protein structure	cause a frameshift to the right

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