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Genetic diversity

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julia7c
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Last updated: March 10, 2025
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First submittedMarch 10, 2025
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Answer
what is a gene mutation
a change in the dna base sequence
when do most gene mutations take place
spontaneously during dna replication
what are factors that increase the rate of mutations
mutagens
when one base is replaced by another
substitution
when one base is removed from the dna sequence
deletion
what is an insertion mutation
when one base is added
what is it when the entire sequence is shifted after a mutation
frameshift
a change in the number or structure of chromosomes
chromosome mutation
how many divisions take place in meiosis
2
what is the purpose of meiosis
to produce gametes
what is it when chromosome number in a cell is reduced, typically by half
reduction division
why is meiosis important in organisms
to produce gametes
to produce genetic variation
name two processes in meiosis which lead to genetic variation
crossing over
independent segregation
when does crossing over take place in meiosis
prophase I
when pairs of homologous chromosomes swap portions of their chromatids
crossing over
when does independent segregation take place in meiosis
metaphase I
when pairs of homologous chromosomes arrange themselves randomly
independent segregation
what's an allele
variant form of a gene
what does stabilising selection do
favours average phenotypes
what effect does stabilising selection have on the normal distribution curve
narrows it
a type of natural selection where one extreme phenotype is favoured over other phenotypes
directional selection
what is genetic diversity
the total number of different alleles in a population
what are the three main types of adaptations
anatomical
physiological
behavioural
physical features that help an organism survive and/or reproduce in its environment
anatomical adaptations
processes inside an organism that increase its chance of survival and/or reproduction
physiological adaptations
the ways an organism acts to increase its chance of survival and/or reproduction
behavioural adaptations
involves copying another animal's appearance or sounds to make predators think the organism is poisonous or dangerous
mimicry
what allows animal to blend into their environment
camouflage
Why are deletion mutations likely to change protein structure
cause a frameshift to the left
Why are insertion mutations likely to affect protein structure
cause a frameshift to the right
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