|
Country
|
Years
|
|
Position(s)
|
Answer
|
|
Abkhazia
|
1990-2005
|
14.1
|
Chairman of the Supreme Soviet / Chairman of Parliament / President |
Vladislav Ardzinba
|
|
Afghanistan
|
|
36
|
Amīr ul-Mu'minīn
|
Dost Mohammad Khan
|
|
Albania
|
1944-1985
|
40.5
|
First Secretary of the Communist Party / First Secretary of the Labor Party |
Enver Hoxha
|
|
Algeria
|
1999-2019
|
19.9
|
President
|
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
|
|
Andorra
|
1643-1715
|
72
|
Co-Prince
|
Louis XIV
|
|
Angola
|
1979-2017
|
38
|
President
|
José Eduardo dos Santos
|
|
|
1981-1994
|
12.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Vere Bird
|
|
Argentina
|
|
18
|
|
Juan Manuel de Rosas
|
|
Armenia
|
2018-Now
|
>7
|
Prime Minister
|
Nikol Pashinyan
|
|
Australia
|
|
18.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Robert Menzies
|
|
Austria
|
1970-1983
|
13
|
Chancellor
|
Bruno Kreisky
|
|
Azerbaijan
|
2003-Now
|
>21
|
President
|
Ilham Aliyev
|
|
Bahamas
|
1973-1992
|
19
|
Prime Minister
|
Lynden Pindling
|
|
Bahrain
|
1869-1923
|
54
|
|
Isa bin Ali al-Khalifa
|
|
Bangladesh
|
|
20.6
|
Prime Minister
|
Sheikh Hasina
|
|
Barbados
|
1994-2008
|
13.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Owen Arthur
|
|
Belarus
|
1994-Now
|
>30
|
|
Aleksandr Lukashenko
|
|
Belgium
|
1865-1909
|
44
|
King
|
Leopold II
|
|
Belize
|
2008-2020
|
12.8
|
Prime Minister
|
Dean Barrow
|
|
Benin
|
|
25.4
|
President
|
Mathieu Kérékou
|
|
Bhutan
|
1972-2006
|
34
|
Druk Gyalpo (Dragon King)
|
Jigme Singye Wangchuck
|
|
Bolivia
|
2006-2019
|
13
|
President
|
Evo Morales
|
|
|
|
>14
|
Member of the Presidency
|
Željko Komšić
|
|
Botswana
|
1980-1998
|
17.7
|
President
|
Quett Masire
|
|
Brazil
|
1831-1889
|
58
|
Emperor (Dom)
|
Pedro II
|
|
Brunei
|
1598-1659
|
61
|
Sultan
|
Abdul Jalil al-Akbar
|
|
Bulgaria
|
1887-1918
|
31.2
|
Prince / Tsar
|
Ferdinand I
|
|
Burkina Faso
|
1987-2014
|
27
|
President
|
Blaise Compaoré
|
|
Burundi
|
2005-2020
|
14.8
|
President
|
Pierre Nkurunziza
|
|
Cabo Verde
|
1975-1991
|
15.7
|
President
|
Aristides Pereira
|
|
Cambodia
|
|
33.2
|
Prime Minister
|
Hun Sen
|
|
Cameroon
|
1982-Now
|
>42
|
President
|
Paul Biya
|
|
Canada
|
|
21.4
|
Prime Minister
|
William Lyon Mackenzie King |
|
|
1966-1979
|
13.7
|
President / Emperor
|
Jean-Bédel Bokassa
(Bokassa I) |
|
Chad
|
1991-2021
|
30.4
|
President
|
Idriss Déby
|
|
Chile
|
1973-1990
|
16.5
|
President
|
Augusto Pinochet
|
|
China
|
1735-1799
|
63.3
|
Emperor / Taishang Huang
|
Qiánlóng Dì
|
|
Colombia
|
1819-1830
|
11.2
|
President
|
Simón Bolívar
|
|
Comoros
|
|
>15
|
Chief of Staff of the National Development Army / Head of State / President |
Azali Assoumani
|
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
1965-1997
|
31.4
|
President
|
Mobutu Sese Seko
|
|
|
|
>41
|
President
|
Denis Sassou Nguesso
|
|
Costa Rica
|
1948-1949 1953-1958 1970-1974 |
10
|
President
|
José Figueres Ferrer
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire
|
1960-1993
|
33.1
|
President
|
Félix Houphouët-Boigny
|
|
Croatia
|
2016-Now
|
>8
|
Prime Minister
|
Andrej Plenković
|
|
Cuba
|
1961-2008
|
46.7
|
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party / President of the Council / Prime Minister |
Fidel Castro
|
|
Cyprus
|
1960-1977
|
16.6
|
President
|
Makarios III
|
|
Czech Republic
|
1993-1998
|
5
|
Prime Minister
|
Václav Klaus
|
|
Denmark
|
1588-1648
|
59.9
|
King
|
Christian IV
|
|
Djibouti
|
1999-Now
|
>25
|
President
|
Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
|
|
Dominica
|
2004-Now
|
>21
|
Prime Minister
|
Roosevelt Skerrit
|
|
|
1960-1962 1966-1978 1986-1996 |
23.6
|
President
|
Joaquín Balaguer
|
|
Ecuador
|
1934-1935 1944-1947 1952-1956 1960-1961 1968-1972 |
12.8
|
President
|
José María Velasco Ibarra
|
|
Egypt
|
1805-1848
|
43.2
|
Wāli / Pasha / Khedive
|
Muhammad Ali
|
|
El Salvador
|
|
11.9
|
Provisional President / President
|
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
1979-Now
|
>45
|
President
|
Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
|
|
Eritrea
|
1991-Now
|
>33
|
Secretary-General / President
|
Isaias Afwerki
|
|
Estonia
|
2005-2014
|
9
|
Prime Minister
|
Andrus Ansip
|
|
Eswatini
|
1986-Now
|
>38
|
iNgwenyama
|
Mswati III
|
|
Ethiopia
|
|
39
|
Negusa Nagast (Emperor)
|
Haile Selassie
|
|
Fiji
|
1970-1992
|
21
|
Prime Minister
|
Ratu Kamisese Mara
|
|
Finland
|
1972-1975 1977-1979 1982-1987 |
10
|
Prime Minister
|
Taisto Kalevi Sorsa
|
|
France
|
1643-1715
|
72
|
King / Count / Dauphin
|
Louis XIV
|
|
Gabon
|
1967-2009
|
41.5
|
President
|
Omar Bongo
|
|
Gambia
|
1970-1994
|
24.2
|
President
|
Dawda Jawara
|
|
Georgia
|
2013-2015 2021-2024 (2012-Now) |
|
Prime Minister / Chairman / Honorary Chairman / Oligarch |
Irakli Garibashvili / Bidzina Ivanishvili (Possibly De Facto) |
|
Germany
|
1871-1890
|
19
|
Imperial Chancellor
|
Otto von Bismarck
|
|
Ghana
|
|
19.3
|
Chairman of the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council / Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council / President
|
Jerry Rawlings
|
|
Greece
|
|
13.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Konstantinos Karamanlis
|
|
Grenada
|
|
22.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Keith Mitchell
|
|
Guatemala
|
1898-1920
|
22.2
|
President
|
Manuel Estrada Cabrera
|
|
Guinea
|
1958-1984
|
25.5
|
President
|
Ahmed Sékou Touré
|
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
|
21.9
|
Chairman of the Council of the Revolution /
Chairman of the Council of State /
President |
João Bernardo Vieira
|
|
Guyana
|
1966-1985
|
19.2
|
Prime Minister / President
|
Forbes Burnham
|
|
Haiti
|
1818-1843
|
24.9
|
President
|
Jean-Pierre Boyer
|
|
Honduras
|
|
15.9
|
President
|
Tiburcio Carías Andino
|
|
Hungary
|
1956-1988
|
31.6
|
First Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party / First Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party / General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party |
János József Kádár
|
|
Iceland
|
1991-2004
|
13.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Davíð Oddsson
|
|
India
|
1947-1964
|
16.8
|
Prime Minister
|
Jawaharlal Nehru
|
|
Indonesia
|
1967-1998
|
31.2
|
President
|
Suharto
|
|
Iran
|
1527-1576
|
49
|
Shāh
|
Tahmâsb I
|
|
Iraq
|
1979-2003
|
23.7
|
President / Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council |
Saddam Hussein
|
|
Ireland
|
1919-1922 1932-1948 1951-1954 1957-1959 |
24
|
President of Dáil Éireann / President of the Executive Council /
President of the Irish Republic / Chairman of the Provisional Government /
Taoiseach |
Éamon de Valera
|
|
Israel
|
|
>17
|
Prime Minister
|
Benjamin Netanyahu
|
|
Italy
|
1922-1943
|
20.7
|
Duce
|
Benito Mussolini
|
|
Jamaica
|
1992-2006
|
14
|
Prime Minister
|
P. J. Patterson
|
|
Japan
|
1787-1837
|
50.1
|
Seii Taishougun
|
Tokugawa Ienari
|
|
Jordan
|
1952-1999
|
46.5
|
King
|
Hussein I
|
|
Kazakhstan
|
1990-2019
|
28.9
|
President
|
Nūrsūltan Nazarbaev
|
|
Kenya
|
1978-2002
|
24.4
|
President
|
Daniel arap Moi
|
|
Kiribati
|
2003-2016
|
12.7
|
President
|
Anote Tong
|
|
Kosovo
|
2008-2014
|
6.9
|
Prime Minister
|
Hashim Thaçi
|
|
Kuwait
|
|
27.4
|
Emir / Sheikh
|
Jābir al-Ahmad al-Jābir as-Sabāh |
|
Kyrgyzstan
|
1990-2005
|
14.4
|
President
|
Askar Akayev
|
|
Laos
|
1955-1992
|
37.7
|
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Party /
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party /
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party /
President / Prime Minister |
Kraisorn Brahmavihara
|
|
Latvia
|
1918-1921 1925-1926 1931-1931 1934-1940 |
9.9
|
Prime Minister
|
Kārlis Ulmanis
|
|
Lebanon
|
1955-1956 1958-1970 1975-1976 1984-1987 |
13.3
|
Prime Minister
|
Rashid Karami
|
|
Lesotho
|
1966-1986
|
19.3
|
Prime Minister / Chief
|
Joseph Leabua Jonathan
|
|
Liberia
|
1944-1971
|
27.6
|
President
|
William Tubman
|
|
Libya
|
1969-2011
|
42
|
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council / Secretary General of the General People's Congress / Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution |
Mu'ammar Qaḏḏāfī
|
|
Liechtenstein
|
1858-1929
|
70.2
|
Prince / Duke / Count
|
Johann II
|
|
Lithuania
|
|
5
|
Prime Minister
|
Andrius Kubilius
|
|
Luxembourg
|
1888-1915
|
27.1
|
President of the Government /
Minister of State |
Paul Eyschen
|
|
Madagascar
|
|
23.2
|
President
|
Didier Ratsiraka
|
|
Malawi
|
1966-1994
|
27.9
|
President
|
Hastings Banda
|
|
Malaysia
|
|
24.1
|
Prime Minister
|
Mahathir bin Mohamad
|
|
Maldives
|
1978-2008
|
30
|
President
|
Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
|
|
Mali
|
1968-1991
|
22.3
|
President
|
Moussa Traoré
|
|
Malta
|
|
15
|
Prime Minister
|
Eddie Fenech Adami
|
|
Marshall Islands
|
1979-1996
|
17.1
|
President / Iroijlaplap
|
Amata Kabua
|
|
Mauritania
|
1984-2005
|
20.6
|
President
|
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed al-Taya
|
|
Mauritius
|
1968-1982
|
14.3
|
Prime Minister
|
Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
|
|
Mexico
|
|
30.3
|
President
|
Porfirio Díaz
|
|
Micronesia
|
|
8
|
President
|
Tosiwo Nakayama / Manny Mori
|
|
Moldova
|
2001-2008
|
7
|
Prime Minister
|
Vasile Tarlev
|
|
Monaco
|
1949-2005
|
56
|
Prince
|
Rainier III
|
|
Mongolia
|
1952-1984
|
32
|
First Secretary of the Central Committee /
Chairman of the Council of Ministers /
General Secretary of the Central Committee /
Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural |
Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
|
|
Montenegro
|
2006-2006 2008-2010 2012-2016 |
7.3
|
Prime Minister
|
Milo Đukanović
|
|
Morocco
|
1961-1999
|
38.4
|
King
|
Hassan II bin Muhammad
|
|
Mozambique
|
1986-2005
|
18.2
|
President
|
Joaquim Chissano
|
|
Myanmar
|
1962-1988
|
26.1
|
Chairman of the Union Revolutionary Council /
Prime Minister /
President /
Chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party |
Ne Win
|
|
Namibia
|
1990-2005
|
15
|
President
|
Sam Nujoma
|
|
Nauru
|
|
19.8
|
President
|
Hammer DeRoburt
|
|
Nepal
|
|
29.5
|
Prime Minister / Maharaja / Supreme Commander-in-Chief |
Jung Bahadur Rana
|
|
Netherlands
|
1815-1840
|
25.6
|
King
|
Willem I
|
|
Nicaragua
|
|
>28
|
Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction / President / Co-president |
Daniel Ortega
|
|
Niger
|
1974-1987
|
13.6
|
President / General
|
Seyni Kountché
|
|
Nigeria
|
|
11.6
|
Head of State / President / Chief
|
Olúṣẹ́gun Ọbásanjọ́
|
|
North Korea
|
|
46.7
|
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Korea / First Secretary of the North Korean Branch Bureau of the Communist Party of Korea / First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of North Korea / Chairman of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea / General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea /
Chairman of the National Defence Commission of the Central People's Committee /
Chairman of the National Defence Commission |
Kim Il-Sung
|
|
North Macedonia
|
2006-2016
|
9.4
|
Prime Minister
|
Nikola Gruevski
|
|
Northern Cyprus
|
1975-2005
|
30.2
|
President
|
Rauf Denktaş
|
|
Norway
|
|
|
King
|
Haraldr Hárfagri /
Hákon IV Hákonarson |
|
Oman
|
1804-1856
|
52
|
Imam / Sultan / Sayyid
|
Saʿīd bin Sulṭān al-Busaidi
|
|
Pakistan
|
1958-1969
|
10.4
|
Chief Martial Law Administrator / President
|
Mohammad Ayub Khan
|
|
Palau
|
|
16
|
President
|
Thomas Remengesau Jr.
|
|
Palestine
|
1969-2004
|
>20
|
Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization / Acting President / President |
Mahmoud Abbas
|
|
Panama
|
1968-1981
|
12.8
|
Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution
|
Omar Torrijos
|
|
Papua New Guinea
|
1975-1980 1982-1985 2002-2010 2011-2011 |
16.3
|
Prime Minister
|
Michael Somare
|
|
Paraguay
|
1954-1989
|
35.5
|
President
|
Alfredo Stroessner
|
|
Peru
|
|
15.2
|
President / Provisional President
|
Augusto B. Leguía
|
|
Philippines
|
1965-1986
|
20.2
|
President
|
Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
|
|
Poland
|
1386-1434
|
48.3
|
King
|
Władysław II Jagiełło
|
|
Portugal
|
1385-1433
|
48.4
|
King / Lord
|
João I
|
|
Qatar
|
1972-1995
|
23.4
|
Emir / Sheikh
|
Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani
|
|
Romania
|
1965-1989
|
24.8
|
General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party /
President / President of the State Council |
Nicolae Ceaușescu
|
|
Russia
|
1533-1584
|
50.3
|
Grand Prince / Tsar
|
Ivan IV Vasilyevich
|
|
Rwanda
|
1994-Now
|
>30
|
Vice President / Minister of Defense / President
|
Paul Kagame
|
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis
|
1995-2015
|
19.6
|
Prime Minister
|
Denzil Douglas
|
|
Saint Lucia
|
1979-1979 1982-1996 2006-2007 |
15
|
Prime Minister
|
John Compton
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
2001-Now
|
>24
|
Prime Minister
|
Ralph Gonsalves
|
|
Samoa
|
1998-2021
|
22.5
|
Prime Minister
|
Tuilaʻepa Lupesoliai Neioti Aiono Saʻilele Malielegaoi
|
|
San Marino
|
1860-1908
|
48
|
Secretary for Foreign Affairs
|
Domenico Fattori
|
|
|
|
20.6
|
President
|
Manuel Pinto da Costa
|
|
Saudi Arabia
|
1902-1953
|
51.9
|
Imam / Emir / Sultan / King
|
Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman al-Saud
|
|
Senegal
|
1960-1980
|
20.3
|
President
|
Léopold Sédar Senghor
|
|
Serbia
|
2017-Now
|
>9.8
|
Prime Minister / President (De Facto Executive) |
Aleksandar Vučić
|
|
Seychelles
|
1977-2004
|
27.1
|
Prime Minister
|
France-Albert René
|
|
Sierra Leone
|
1971-1985
|
14.6
|
President
|
Siaka Stevens
|
|
Singapore
|
1959-1990
|
31.5
|
Prime Minister
|
Lee Kuan Yew
|
|
Slovakia
|
2006-2010 2012-2018 2023-Now |
>11
|
Prime Minister
|
Robert Fico
|
|
Slovenia
|
1992-2002
|
10.1
|
Prime Minister
|
Janez Drnovšek
|
|
Solomon Islands
|
2000-2001 2006-2007 2014-2017 2019-2024 |
11.1
|
Prime Minister
|
Manasseh Sogavare
|
|
Somalia
|
1969-1991
|
21.3
|
Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council / President / General Secretary of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party |
Maxamed Siyaad Barre
|
|
South Africa
|
1966-1978
|
12.1
|
Prime Minister
|
Balthazar Vorster
|
|
South Korea
|
1961-1979
|
18.2
|
Chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction /
Acting President /
President |
Park Chung Hee
|
|
South Ossetia
|
2001-2011
|
10
|
President
|
Kokojty Ĝabejy fyrt Eduard
|
|
South Sudan
|
2011-Now
|
>13
|
President
|
Salva Kiir Mayardit
|
|
Spain
|
1621-1665
|
44.5
|
King / Count / Duke / Prince
|
Philip IV
|
|
Sri Lanka
|
|
11.8
|
Prime Minister
|
Sirimavo Bandaranaike
|
|
Sudan
|
1989-2019
|
29.8
|
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation /
President |
Omar al-Bashir
|
|
Suriname
|
|
15
|
President
|
Ronald Venetiaan
|
|
Sweden
|
1319-1364
|
44.6
|
King
|
Magnus Eriksson
|
|
Switzerland
|
1863-1895
|
31.6
|
President / Member of the Swiss Federal Council |
Karl Schenk
|
|
Syria
|
1971-2000
|
29.2
|
President
|
Hafez al-Assad
|
|
Taiwan
|
|
25.8
|
President
|
Chiang Kai-shek
|
|
Tajikistan
|
1992-Now
|
>31
|
Chairman of the Supreme Assembly / President
|
Emomali Rahmon
|
|
Tanzania
|
1962-1985
|
22.9
|
President
|
Julius Nyerere
|
|
Thailand
|
1868-1910
|
42.1
|
King
|
Chulalongkon (Rama V)
|
|
Timor-Leste
|
|
>9
|
Prime Minister
|
Xanana Gusmão
|
|
Togo
|
1967-2005
|
37.8
|
President
|
Gnassingbé Eyadéma
|
|
Tonga
|
1970-2006
|
36.3
|
Tupoutoʻa / King
|
Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV
|
|
Transnistria
|
1990-2011
|
20.1
|
Chairman of the Provisional Supreme Soviet / Chairman of the Republic /
President |
Igor Smirnov
|
|
Trinidad and Tobago
|
1962-1981
|
18.6
|
Prime Minister
|
Eric Williams
|
|
Tunisia
|
1956-1987
|
31.6
|
Prime Minister / Interim President / President |
Habib Bourguiba
|
|
Türkiye
|
1520-1566
|
45.9
|
Sultan / Padishah / Caliph / 'Amīr al-Mu'minīn |
Süleyman-ı Evvel
|
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
>17
|
Acting President / President / Chairman of the People's Council /
National Leader of the Turkmen People |
Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
|
|
Tuvalu
|
1981-1989
|
8.1
|
Prime Minister
|
Tomasi Puapua
|
|
Uganda
|
1986-Now
|
>39
|
President
|
Yoweri Kaguta Museveni
|
|
Ukraine
|
1994-2005
|
10.5
|
President
|
Leonid Kuchma
|
|
United Arab Emirates
|
1971-2004
|
32.9
|
President
|
Zayed bin Sultan al-Nahyan |
|
United Kingdom
|
1721-1742
|
20.9
|
First Lord of the Treasury /
Chancellor of the Exchequer /
Leader of the House of Commons /
Earl |
Robert Walpole
|
|
United States
|
1933-1945
|
12.1
|
President
|
Franklin D. Roosevelt
|
|
Uruguay
|
1985-1990 1995-2000 and 2005-2010 2015-2020 |
10
|
President
|
Tabaré Vázquez /
Julio María Sanguinetti |
|
Uzbekistan
|
1990-2016
|
26.4
|
First Secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan / President |
Islam Karimov
|
|
Vanuatu
|
1980-1991
|
11.1
|
Prime Minister
|
Walter Lin̄i
|
|
Vatican City
|
1978-2005
|
26.5
|
Pope
|
John Paul II
|
|
Venezuela
|
1908-1935
|
27
|
De Facto Military Ruler / President
|
Juan Vicente Gómez
|
|
Vietnam
|
1945-1969
|
24
|
Chairman of Provisional Revolutionary Government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam /
President of Provisional Coalition Government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam /
President of United Resistance Government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam /
Chairman of United National Government of Democratic Republic of Vietnam /
Chairman of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Central Committee /
First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Central Committee /
President |
Hồ Chí Minh
|
|
Western Sahara
|
1976-2016
|
39.8
|
Secretary General / President
|
Mohamed Abdelaziz
|
|
Yemen
|
1978-2012
|
33.6
|
President
|
|
|
Zambia
|
1964-1991
|
27
|
President
|
Kenneth Kaunda
|
|
Zimbabwe
|
1980-2017
|
37.6
|
Prime Minister / President
|
Robert Mugabe
|
