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Hint
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Textbook Chapter
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Answer
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A regional political and economic organization focused on Arab unity and development.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Arab League
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A series of public protests, strikes, and rebellions in the Arab countries in early 2011, often facilitated by social media, that called for fundamental government and economic reforms.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Arab Spring
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Migration of the best-educated people from developing countries to developed nations where economic opportunities are greater.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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brain drain
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Strategic setting where narrow waterways or other narrow passages are vulnerable to military blockade disruption.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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choke point
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An area of historical cultural innovation.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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culture hearth
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The purposeful selection and breeding of wild plants and animals for cultural purposes.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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domestication
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A river that issues from a humid area and flows into a dry area otherwise lacking streams.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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exotic river
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An ecologically diverse zone of lands in Southwest Asia that extends from Lebanon eastward to Iraq and that is often associated with early forms of agricultural domestication.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Fertile Crescent
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Water supplies that were stored underground during wetter climatic periods.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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fossil water
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An organization created in 2005 by 17 members of the Arab League that is designed to eliminate all intraregional trade barriers and spur economic cooperation.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Greater Arab Free Trade Area/GAFTA
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An Islamic religious pilgrimage to Makkah. One of the five essential pillars of the Muslim creed to be undertaken once in life, if an individual is physically and financially able to do it.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Hajj
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The interplay of water resource issues and politics.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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hydropolitics
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A violent Sunni extremist organization that has seen its territorial influence in Iraq and Syria reduced as it attempts to create a new religious state (a caliphate) in the region.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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ISIS
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A movement within both the Shiite and Sunni Muslim traditions to return to a more conservative, religious-based society and state.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Islamic fundamentalism
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A political movement within the religion of Islam that challenges the encroachment of global popular culture and blames colonial, imperial, and Western elements for many of the region’s problems.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Islamism
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The eastern Mediterranean region.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Levant
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A region in northwestern Africa that includes portions of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Maghreb
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The original urban core of a traditional Islamic city
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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medina
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A religious belief in a single God.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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monotheism
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An international organization (formed in 1960) of 12 oil-producing nations that attempts to influence global prices and supplies of oil. Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela are members.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries/OPEC
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A large, Turkish-based empire (named for Osman, one of its founders) that dominated large portions of southeastern Europe, North Africa, and Southwest Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Ottoman Empire
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A quasi-governmental body that represents Palestinian interests in the West Bank and Gaza.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Palestinian Authority/PA
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A traditional subsistence agricultural system in which practitioners depend on the seasonal movements of livestock within marginal natural environments.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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pastoral nomadism
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A population statistic that relates the number of people in a country to the amount of arable land.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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physiological density
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A book of divine revelations received by the prophet Muhammad that serves as a holy text in the religion of Islam.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Qur'an
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The accumulation of salts in the upper layers of soil, often causing a reduction in crop yields, resulting from irrigation using water with high natural salt content and/or irrigation of soils that contain a high level of mineral salts.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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salinization
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Conflicts that divide people along ethnic, religious, and sectarian lines.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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sectarian violence
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Muslim that practices one of the two main branches of Islam. _____ are especially dominant in Iran and nearby southern Iraq.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Shiite
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A pivotal waterway connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean opened by the French in 1869.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Suez Canal
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A Muslim who practices the other dominant branch of Islam.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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Sunni
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A political state led by religious authorities
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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theocratic state
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A form of pastoralism in which animals are taken to high-altitude pastures during the summer months and returned to low-altitude pastures during the winter.
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North Africa and Southwest Asia
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transhumance
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Legal protection for refugees who are victims of ethnic, religious, or political persecution in other parts of the world.
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Europe
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asylum laws
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A geopolitical term and concept to describe the breaking up of large political units into smaller ones, the typical example being the replacement of the former Yugoslavia
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Europe
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balkanization
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Short for “Britain’s exit,” the June 2016 referendum by United Kingdom voters to leave the European Union.
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Europe
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Brexit
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An array of nonaligned or friendly states that “buffer” a larger country from invasion. In Europe, keeping a buffer zone has been a long-term policy of Russia
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Europe
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buffer zone
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An ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union that was conducted between 1946 and 1991.
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Europe
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Cold War
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A climate region in a continental interior, removed from moderating oceanic influences, characterized by hot summers and cold winters. In such a climate, at least one month must average below freezing.
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Europe
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continental climates
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A form of government with a democratically elected government and a royal figurehead that serves as the symbolic head of state, as in the United Kingdom with an elected parliament and the Queen as symbol of the country.
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Europe
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constitutional monarchy
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An alphabet based on the Greek alphabet and used by Slavic languages heavily influenced by the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is attributed to the missionary work of Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 9th century.
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Europe
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Cyrillic alphabet
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The ceding of certain powers from central government authorities to lower political units, such as regions or cities.
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Europe
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devolution
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An institution created by the European Union (EU) in 1999 to facilitate economic matters among member states, including usage of a common currency.
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Europe
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Economic and Monetary Union/EMU
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The current association of 28 (soon 27) European countries that are joined together in an agenda of economic, political, and cultural integration.
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Europe
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European Union/EU
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The common monetary policy and currency of the European Union
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Europe
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Eurozone
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Public policies that encourage higher birth rates. An example would be extended maternity and paternity leaves for parents of a newborn.
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Europe
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family-friendly policies
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Flooded, glacially carved valley. In Europe, ______ are found primarily along Norway’s western coast and much of Iceland’s coast.
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Europe
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fjords
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Any language that is part of the world’s largest language family coming from one ancestral language.
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Europe
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Indo-European
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Technological change beginning in the 18th century when European factories first switched from using animate power (human and animal) to inanimate power (water and coal) to power machines.
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Europe
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Industrial Revolution
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A term coined by British leader Winston Churchill during the Cold War to define the western border of Soviet power in Europe.
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Europe
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Iron Curtain
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A state or national policy of reclaiming lost lands or those inhabited by people of the same ethnicity in another nation-state.
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Europe
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irredentism
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