Biochemistry - Key Terms

A reaction pathway which continues in a straight path

Reaction involving replacement of one group with another

Which type of regulation involves regulator molecules binding (reversibly) to regulatory sites on an enzyme and influencing the binding of substrates to the active site (in a positive or negative manner).

A reaction pathway which continues in a cycle, producing by products

Enzymatic reaction where 2 molecules are joined together but water is not eliminated, can also happen across a double bond

Reaction involving the changing of position of atoms and functional groups in a molecule

Forward and reverse reactions create kinetic ________

Reusable biological catalysts which speed up chemical reactions

What is the most common covalent modification, which occurs often at Ser/Thr/Tyr residues?

Name for the chemicals on the right side of a reaction

Amount of enzyme which converts 1umol of S to P per minute

Enzymatic reaction where 2 molecules are joined with the loss of water

Inhibitors which do not change the structure of the enzyme and bind to the active or regulatory domains.

Reaction involving transfer of a functional group to a substrate

What would adding more substrate do to a reaction speed?

Dual oxidation and reduction reactions normally involving Co-Enzymes

If two enzymes (1: Low Km, 2: High Km) at a metabolic branch point are competing for the same substrate, which one will preferably bind to the substrate?

What influences the concentration of an enzyme in a cell, which can be altered depending on the availability of substrate.

Name for the chemicals on the left side of a reaction

What occurs from different genes generating different proteins?

Maximal rate at substrate saturation (expressed as rate of substrate conversion)

A reaction pathway which splits

What occurs from a single gene but resulting from PTMs/splice variants etc

Which method do eukaryotic cells use utilizing organelles to create specialised areas within the cell?

Vmax/Enzyme concentration

Inhibitors which bind at the active site using a covalent bond and denature the enzyme permanently.

Enzymatic reaction where a molecule can be split (includes hydrolysis)

Which enzyme group adds phosphate groups?

Amount of enzyme which converts 1mole of S to P per min

Chemical modification to the enzyme to increase/decrease activity (e.g phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation)

Substrate concentration for half Vmax (i.e. 50% maximal rate, expressed as concentration)

Enzyme activity per mg of protein (measures purity)

Which enzyme removes phosphate groups?