Genome Structure and Organisation

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Last updated: October 10, 2024

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Hint	Answer
What is the letter representing the shorter arm of a chromosome?	Q
Which class of enzymes are responsible for the supercoiling of DNA?	Topoisomerase
Which supercoiled DNA structure is formed in prokaryotes?	Nucleoid
Which process can a histone undergo in order to tighten its interaction with DNA?	Acetylation
Which type of bond connects the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent nucleotides?	Phosphodiester
Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?	Uracil
What is the name for chromatin which is tightly wound around histones?	Heterochromatin
What is the name for nitrogenous bases which have 2 rings?	Purines
What is the name for chromatin which is loosely wound around histones?	Euchromatin
If you wanted to create a new supercoil, which type of topoisomerase would you use?	Type 2
Which kind of bond links together nitrogenous base pairs?	Hydrogen
If you wanted to unwind a supercoil, which type of topoisomerase would you use?	Type 1
Which type of topoisomerase cleaves both strands of the double helix?	Type 2
Which groove is used for transcription in DNA?	Major
What is the effect of adding 2-3 methyl groups to histones on their interaction with DNA?	Tightens
Which group causes the charge in DNA?	Phosphate
Which carbon on ribose/deoxyribose bonds to the nitrogenous base pairs?	1'
Which protein does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes?	Histone

Hint	Answer
What are areas containing many cystine and guanine bases called?	CPG island
What is the letter representing the longer arm of a chromosome?	P
Which amino acids cause the charge on histones?	Arginine/Lysine
How many base pairs are there roughly for each turn of DNA?	10
What is the overall charge of the linker protein?	Strongly Positive
What is the name for the structure DNA is organised into for cell replication?	Chromosome
Which process can happen to areas of dense cystine and guanine to cause inhibition of expression?	Methylation
What is the overall charge of DNA?	Negative
Which carbon on both ribose and deoxyribose contains a hydroxy- group?	3'
How many histone proteins form a nucleosome?	8
What is affected by the looseness of chromatin around histones?	Transcription
Which carbon on ribose/deoxyribose bonds to a phosphate group?	5'
What is the effect of adding a methyl group to histones on their interaction with DNA?	Loosens
What is the name for nuclear DNA + proteins?	Chromatin
What is the linker protein called?	H1
What is the overall charge of a histone?	Positive
What is the name for nitrogenous bases which have 1 ring?	Pyridimines
Which type of topoisomerase cleaves 1 strand of the double helix?	Type 1

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