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Genome Structure and Organisation

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DylanJay05
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Last updated: October 10, 2024
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First submittedOctober 10, 2024
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Hint
Answer
Which class of enzymes are responsible for the supercoiling of DNA?
Topoisomerase
Which process can a histone undergo in order to tighten its interaction with DNA?
Acetylation
What is the name for chromatin which is tightly wound around histones?
Heterochromatin
Which carbon on both ribose and deoxyribose contains a hydroxy- group?
3'
Which carbon on ribose/deoxyribose bonds to the nitrogenous base pairs?
1'
How many base pairs are there roughly for each turn of DNA?
10
Which supercoiled DNA structure is formed in prokaryotes?
Nucleoid
What is the linker protein called?
H1
How many histone proteins form a nucleosome?
8
What is affected by the looseness of chromatin around histones?
Transcription
What is the effect of adding a methyl group to histones on their interaction with DNA?
Loosens
What is the name for nitrogenous bases which have 2 rings?
Purines
What is the overall charge of a histone?
Positive
What is the letter representing the longer arm of a chromosome?
P
If you wanted to unwind a supercoil, which type of topoisomerase would you use?
Type 1
If you wanted to create a new supercoil, which type of topoisomerase would you use?
Type 2
Which carbon on ribose/deoxyribose bonds to a phosphate group?
5'
What is the name for the structure DNA is organised into for cell replication?
Chromosome
What is the name for nuclear DNA + proteins?
Chromatin
What are areas containing many cystine and guanine bases called?
CPG island
Which groove is used for transcription in DNA?
Major
Which amino acids cause the charge on histones?
Arginine/Lysine
What is the effect of adding 2-3 methyl groups to histones on their interaction with DNA?
Tightens
Which type of bond connects the 3' and 5' carbons of adjacent nucleotides?
Phosphodiester
Which kind of bond links together nitrogenous base pairs?
Hydrogen
What is the overall charge of DNA?
Negative
What is the name for nitrogenous bases which have 1 ring?
Pyridimines
Which group causes the charge in DNA?
Phosphate
What is the name for chromatin which is loosely wound around histones?
Euchromatin
Which type of topoisomerase cleaves both strands of the double helix?
Type 2
Which type of topoisomerase cleaves 1 strand of the double helix?
Type 1
Which protein does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes?
Histone
What is the letter representing the shorter arm of a chromosome?
Q
Which process can happen to areas of dense cystine and guanine to cause inhibition of expression?
Methylation
Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?
Uracil
What is the overall charge of the linker protein?
Strongly Positive
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Molecular Genetics
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