Officially Recognized Minority Groups of Europe

For each European country below, list the ethnic or linguistic minorities which are officially recognized by that country’s government. For countries that recognize linguistic minorities, type the language.
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Last updated: January 5, 2026
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First submittedDecember 30, 2025
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Average score29.6%
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Albania
Greeks
23,485
Egyptians
12,375
Roma
9,813
Bulgarians
7,057
Bosniaks
2,963
Aromanians
2,459
Macedonians
2,281
Serbs
584
Montenegrins
511
 
 
Austria
Czechs
40,324 (~60,000)
Slovaks
35,326 (~40,000)
Hungarians
25,884 (~90,000)
Burgenland Croats
19,412 (~30,000)
Carinthian Slovenes
13,109 (~20,000)
Roma
6,273 (~45,000)
 
 
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Roma
12,583
Albanians
2,659
Ukrainians
2,331
Montenegrins
1,883
Turks
1,108
Slovenes
937
Macedonians
738
Italians
391
Germans
365
Hungarians
350
Czechs
279
Russians
276
Jews
262
Poles
258
Slovaks
173
Romanians
109
Rusyns
32
 
 
Croatia
Serbs
123,892
Bosniaks
24,131
Roma
17,980
Albanians
13,817
Italians
13,763
Hungarians
10,315
Czechs
7,862
Slovenes
7,729
Slovaks
3,688
Macedonians
3,555
Montenegrins
3,127
Germans
3,034
Ukrainians
1,905
Russians
1,481
Rusyns
1,343
Poles
657
Jews
410
Turks
404
Austrians
365
Romanians
337
Bulgarians
262
Vlachs
22
 
 
Czech Republic
Slovaks
96,041
Ukrainians
78,068
Vietnamese
31,469
Poles
26,802
Russians
25,296
Germans
9,128
Bulgarians
6,073
Hungarians
5,969
Roma
4,458
Belarusians
4,030
Serbs
2,914
Greeks
2,069
Croats
1,167
Rusyns
608
 
 
Denmark
Germans
~15,000
 
 
Finland (Linguistic)
Swedish Speakers
287,933
Karelian Speakers
~30,000
Romani Speakers
~10,000
Sami Speakers
2,023
 
 
Germany
Sinti
~110,000
Frisians
~60,000
Sorbs
~60,000
Danes
~50,000
Roma
~30,000
 
 
Hungary
Roma
200,306
Germans
98,402
Slovaks
25,534
Croats
19,099
Ukrainians
19,064
Romanians
18,195
Serbs
8,035
Poles
5,602
Rusyns
5,162
Greeks
4,773
Bulgarians
3,770
Armenians
3,242
Slovenes
2,984
 
 
Ireland
Irish Travellers
32,949
 
 
Italy (Linguistic)
Sardinian Speakers
~1,000,000
Friulian Speakers
~500,000
German Speakers
~325,000
Albanian (Arbëresh) Speakers
~85,000
Slovene Speakers
~80,000
Franco-Provençal Speakers
~70,000
Occitan Speakers
~68,000
Ladin Speakers
~35,000
Catalan Speakers
~25,000
Greek (Griko) Speakers
~22,000
French Speakers
~2,000
Croatian (Molise) Speakers
~1,500
 
 
Montenegro (Linguistic
Bosnian Speakers
43,470
Albanian Speakers
32,725
Croatian Speakers
2,193
North Macedonia
Albanians
446,245
Turks
70,961
Roma
46,433
Serbs
23,847
Bosniaks
16,042
Aromanians
8,714
 
 
Norway
Sami
~49,000
Kvens
~12,000
Roma
~7,000
Forest Finns
~4,000
Jews
770
 
 
Poland
Germans
147,814
Ukrainians
51,001
Belarusians
46,787
Russians
13,046
Lithuanians
7,863
Jews
7,508
Armenians
3,623
Czechs
3,447
Slovaks
3,240
 
 
Romania
Hungarians
1,002,151
Roma
569,477
Ukrainians
45,835
Germans
22,907
Turks
20,945
Lipovans
19,394
Tatars
18,156
Serbs
12,026
Slovaks
10,232
Bulgarians
5,975
Croats
4,842
Italians
4,039
Jews
2,378
Poles
2,137
Greeks
2,086
Czechs
1,576
Armenians
1,213
Macedonians
1,089
Rusyns
834
Albanians
645
 
 
Serbia
Hungarians
184,442
Bosniaks
153,801
Roma
131,936
Albanians
61,687
Slovaks
41,730
Croats
39,107
Romanians
23,044
Vlachs
21,013
Montenegrins
20,238
Macedonians
14,767
Bulgarians
12,918
Rusyns
11,483
Bunjevci
11,104
Ukrainians
3,969
Slovenes
2,829
Germans
2,573
Egyptians
1,484
Czechs
1,317
Ashkali
1,307
Jews
709
Greeks
690
 
 
Slovakia
Hungarians
422,065
Roma
67,179
Czechs
28,996
Rusyns
23,746
Ukrainians
9,451
Poles
3,771
Germans
3,318
Russians
3,245
Vietnamese
2,793
Bulgarians
1,106
Moravians
1,098
Serbs
1,084
Croats
967
Jews
596
 
 
Slovenia
Hungarians
6,243
Italians
2,258
 
 
Sweden
Sweden Finns
~570,000
Tornedalians
~95,000
Roma
~34,000
Sami
~25,000
Jews
~15,000
 
 
Switzerland (Linguistic and Ethnic)
French Speakers
~1,900,000
Italian Speakers
~678,000
Romansh Speakers
~44,000
Yenish
~30,000
Jews
~20,000
Sinti
~400
 
 
Ukraine (Linguistic)
Crimean Tatar Speakers
231,382
Hungarian Speakers
161,618
Romanian Speakers
142,671
Bulgarian Speakers
134,396
Belarusian Speakers
56,249
Gagauz Speakers
23,765
Romani Speakers
22,603
Polish Speakers
19,195
Modern Greek Speakers
6,029
Rumeika Speakers
~5,000
German Speakers
4,206
Hebrew (Yiddish) Speakers
3,307
Slovak Speakers
2,768
Urum Speakers
~2,000
Czech Speakers
~2,000
Karaim Speakers
96
Krymchak Speakers
0 to 50
 
 
United Kingdom
Scots
~6,500,000
Welsh
~2,600,000
Irish
~1,200,000
Cornish
~120,000
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