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3210 Exam 2 - Statistics
General Stats
- This quiz has been taken 3 times
- The average score is 42 of 115
Answer Stats
| Hint | Answer | % Correct |
|---|---|---|
| Refers to passage of an herbicide through the surface of a particle | Absorption | 100%
|
| Release of absorbed and adsorbed herbicide from soil, helped by rain | Activation | 100%
|
| Herbicide/chemical doing the work | Active ingredient | 100%
|
| Herbicide interacts with soil particles | Adsorption | 100%
|
| Non-living plant parts | Apoplast | 100%
|
| Representative herbicide (triazines) | Atrazine | 100%
|
| Diverts electron from PS1 and reacts with O2 | Bipyridilium Mechanism of action | 100%
|
| Inhibits NADPH production | Bipyridiliums | 100%
|
| Treating an entire area (ground application, aerial, herbigation) | Broadcast application | 100%
|
| Slightly toxic | Caution | 100%
|
| IUPAL name that gives proper chemical notation to completely describe compound structure | Chemical name | 100%
|
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency | 100%
|
| Pesticide activity/composition validation, proposed label conforms to EPA standards, no adverse affects on non-target organisms/environment | EPA Petitioning | 100%
|
| No adverse effects on environment, safe for use, unclassified | General use | 100%
|
| Overstimulate auxin hormone response, symptoms can occur within hours, mimics auxin | Growth regulators | 100%
|
| Synthetic or natural compound designed to control unwanted vegetation | Herbicide | 100%
|
| Water loving, water soluble | Hydrophilic | 100%
|
| Herbicide is caried through soil profile by water | Leaching | 100%
|
| Fear of lipids, water soluble | Lipophobic | 100%
|
| Sequence of events following initial application of an herbicide until final effect is observed | Mode of action | 100%
|
| Plants living outside their natural geographic regions | Non-indigenous | 100%
|
| Nucleus membrane | Nuclear membrane | 100%
|
| Representative herbicide (Bipyridilium) | Paraquat | 100%
|
| Structure moving proteins, sugars, amino acids up and down the plant | Phloem | 100%
|
| Starts on older leaves and moves to newer tissues, chlorosis of leaf tips and tissue between veins, later symptoms are necrosis | Photosynthetic inhibitor symptoms | 100%
|
| Plant incorperated protectants | PIPs | 100%
|
| Structure used to move herbicide between cells | Plasmodesmata | 100%
|
| Applying into visible weeds (burndown, in-crop) | Post-emergence | 100%
|
| Surface application prior to planting | Pre-plant | 100%
|
| Herbicide tilled into soil (PPI) | Pre-plant incorperated | 100%
|
| Application rate is >10x labeled rate (crops/weeds) | Resistant | 100%
|
| Must possess proper license, for use only by certified applicators, when giving to others - person with license is liable | Restricted use | 100%
|
| Concentrated systemic herbicide, wipes solution on the crop, weeds typically must be taller than the crop | Rope-wick applicator | 100%
|
| Herbicide runs off with soil particles | Runoff | 100%
|
| Unregistered use for limited time, EPA must determine "emergency", authorized up to 1 year, supported by written letters | Section 18 permit | 100%
|
| Kills weeds and non-desirable crops | Selective herbicide | 100%
|
| Invasives quickly grow to population that is too high to eradicate | Smeda theory | 100%
|
| Application rate is 1x labeled rate (weeds) | Susceptible | 100%
|
| Living plant parts | Symplast | 100%
|
| Application rate is 2-10x labeled rate (crop) | Tolerant | 100%
|
| Herbicide from solid/liquid to gas, influenced by vapor pressure | Volatility | 100%
|
| Moderately toxic | Warning | 100%
|
| Extended regulation to all herbicide, regulates sales in US and between countries, responsibility shifted from USDA to EPA, misuse transferred to applicator | 1972 FIFRA amendment | 0%
|
| Established that this can only be applied from 7:30am-5:30pm, only sprayed on resistant cotton/soybeans, June 10 cutoff date, buffer distance of 240 ft to sensitive crops, must spray on days with no wind | 2023 Dicamba Law in Missouri | 0%
|
| Materials designed to help herbicide not react with water, penetrate the cuticle, stay on target, spread evenly on leaf, form emulsion, not freeze | Additives | 0%
|
| Biological selectivity, control in advantageous spots, reduce tillage dependence, controls broad aray of life cycles | Advantages of herbicides | 0%
|
| Movement through non-living plant parts | Apoplastic | 0%
|
| Targeted application, primarily in orchards/specialty crops, directed spray | Banded application | 0%
|
| Invasive species often are more competitive than native species | Better competition hypothesis | 0%
|
| All contacted tissue affected, nonselective, damage is as uniform as coverage | Bipyridilium | 0%
|
| 1. Uptake/translocation to chloroplast2. Diverts electron, generates reactive oxygen species 3. Initiates autocatalytic lipid peroxidation 4. Cells die 5. Plants die | Bipyridilium Mode of Action | 0%
|
| Water-soaking on leaves (dark green appearance), necrosis and death of all parts contacted, drift injury is speckling | Bipyridilium symptoms | 0%
|
| Killing everything while green | Brownout | 0%
|
| Acts as antenna complex to harvest more light, assist in transferring light energy to PSII, Scavenges oxygen radicles | Carotenoids | 0%
|
| Consists of ligning called suberin | Casparian Strip | 0%
|
| Total cations in soil that can be contained | CEC | 0%
|
| DOXP synthase | Clomazone | 0%
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| Representative herbicide (isoxazolidones) | Colmazone | 0%
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| Simplified version of chemical name (ex: Glyphosate) | Common Name | 0%
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| Very toxic | Danger | 0%
|
| Inhibit chlorophyll synthesis and causes lipid peroxidation, browning and necrosis on leaf tissue | Diphenyl ethers | 0%
|
| Shield crop from potentially toxic chemical | Directed spray | 0%
|
| Off-target injury, spray tank contamination, movement into environment, persistence/carryover, disposal of containers/residues, crop injury following application, incomplete weed control, toxicity to humans/animals | Disadvantages of herbicides | 0%
|
| Representative herbicide (ureas) | Diuron | 0%
|
| Only issued by EPA, company must apply, sought if awaiting approval, not required if <10 acres land/<1 acre water, effective for 1 year, EPA can extend | Early use permit | 0%
|
| Upon introduction, healthy plants are produced, natural predators left behind | Enemy release hypothesis | 0%
|
| Very lipophilic wax layer | Epicuticular wax | 0%
|
| Set standard that products had to contain a list of active ingredients and quantity included | Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 | 0%
|
| FIFRA | Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act | 0%
|
| Originally enforced by USDA - now EPA, put into place safety requirements for pesticide development, placed burden of safety on sponsoring company, stopped shipment of unapproved chemicals, updated in 1958 | FIFRA | 0%
|
| No substance known to cause cancer can be put in animal/human food | FIFRA Delaney Cancer Clause | 0%
|
| Zeta-carotene desaturase | Fluridone | 0%
|
| First law specifically addressing pesticides, supported by arsenic poisoning in UK | Food and Drug Act of 1906 | 0%
|
| Abolished Delaney clause, new standards of "reasonable certainty regarding pesticide safety" (no more than 1/1,000,000 chance), children considered special case (1/10 normal amount) | Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 | 0%
|
| Blocks function of glutamine synthetase, ammonium levels build up impacting photosynthesis | Gluphosinate | 0%
|
| Trade name, active ingredient, inert/other ingredients, EPA regulation # | Herbicide label overview | 0%
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| Pesticide injected into an irrigation system | Herbigation | 0%
|
| New geographical areas with no predators, rapid growth, aren't recognized as invasive, prolific reproduction, thrive in multiple habitats, defense mechanisms to disadvantage other crops, exploit limiting factors | How plants become invasive | 0%
|
| Fear of water, lipid soluble | Hydrophobic | 0%
|
| Compounds to make the herbicide soluble or miscible in water (liquids in water formulations, clay in solid forms) | Inactive ingredient | 0%
|
| Chloroplast membrane | Inner/outer envelope | 0%
|
| Targeted unethical people from selling chemicals that did not do what was stated, Administered by USDA, didn't address health risks | Insecticide Act of 1910 | 0%
|
| Non-indigenous species/strain that become established in natural plant communities | Invasive | 0%
|
| Identify plant, eliminate factors that encourage/favor invasive species, use effective tools, establish native species to fill the space | Invasive species management | 0%
|
| Inhibit ACCase by binding to it | Lipid synthesis inhibitor mechanism of action | 0%
|
| 1. Uptake/translocation to chloroplast2. Inhibits ACCase 3. Lipid synthesis stops 4. Plant growing point dies 5. Plants die | Lipid synthesis inhibitor mode of action | 0%
|
| fops/dims | Lipid synthesis inhibitors | 0%
|
| Lipid loving, not water soluble | Lipophile | 0%
|
| Embedded wax, cutin matrix | Lipophilic cutin matrix | 0%
|
| Root system (casparian strip), foliar (cuticle, hair) | Major barriers restricting herbicide uptake | 0%
|
| Interference of a herbicide with a specific biochemical or molecular process that leads to injury/death | Mechanism of action | 0%
|
| Representative herbicide (triketones) | Mesotrione | 0%
|
| Blocks HPPD | Mesotriones | 0%
|
| All plants contacted by chemicals are affected | Non-selective herbicide | 0%
|
| Representative herbicide (phenyl pyridazinones) | Norflurazon | 0%
|
| Phytoene desaturase | Norflurazon | 0%
|
| Chemicals produced by weeds are more effective in new environment than in old environment | Novel weapons theory | 0%
|
| A weed designated by state or national authorities as a plant that is injurious to agriculture and/or horticultural crops and/or humans and livestock | Noxious | 0%
|
| Effect of radiation on internal chemical bonds, can eliminate herbicide activity, changes parent molecule | Photodegredation | 0%
|
| Important soil herbicides in corn/grain sorghum production | Photosynthetic inhibitor key point | 0%
|
| Inhibits specific enzymes in plants | Pigment inhibitors Mechanism of action | 0%
|
| 1. Uptake/translocation to chloroplast2. Inhibits specific enzyme 3. Carotenoids and xanthophylls no longer made 4. Photosynthesis in new tissue stops 5. ROS generated aren't quenched 6. Cells die 7. Plants die | Pigment inhibitors mode of action | 0%
|
| Tissue in sensitive plants bleached, leaf tips sometimes tinged purple | Pigment inhibitors symptoms | 0%
|
| Cell membrane | Plasmalemma | 0%
|
| Application post planting, prior to crop/weed emergence | Pre-emergence | 0%
|
| Each use of a pesticide contributes a specific amount of exposure risk to humans, all uses combined/added, when full, no additional uses of pesticides are permitted, 1/10 normal amount for children | Risk Cup | 0%
|
| Ratio of herbicide bound to soil vs. free in soil solution | Soil Sorption Coefficient | 0%
|
| Targets specific weeds in certain areas, intended for post application, used in turf/specialty crops/pastures/forested areas | Spot spraying | 0%
|
| Movement through living plant parts | Symplastic | 0%
|
| Vacuole membrane | Tonoplast | 0%
|
| Proprietary name of pesticide, typically trademarked | Tradename | 0%
|
| Targets process in PSII that prevents electron transfer from Qa to Qb | Triazines, Ureas, Uracils mechanism of action | 0%
|
| 1. Uptake/translocation to chloroplast2. Inhibition of electron transfer 3. Light energy to chlorophyll generates reactive oxygen species 4. Initiates autocatalytic lipid peroxidation 5. Cells die 6. Plants die in 7-10 days | Triazine, Ureas, Uracils Mode of Action | 0%
|
| Representative herbicide (uracils) | Turbacil | 0%
|
| Structure moving water, nutrients up the plant | Xylem | 0%
|
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