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Plant Structures/Functions Exam 2

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Last updated: March 12, 2025
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First submittedMarch 3, 2025
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Answer
Most photosynthesis occurs in...
Spongy mesophyll
Process by which energy is released and stored as ATP for short term plant growth and development
Aerobic Respiration
Makes triose phosphates from carboxylation products; Reaction 1: ATP-->ADP + Pi (releases energy); Reaction 2: phosphorylation; Reaction 3: NADPH reduces and leads to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates
Reduction phase
When some incoming light is propagated through the central vacuoles of palisade cells and air space
Light Channeling
Uses products from earlier in Redox process to make ATP
ATP synthase
Carbon fixation step, takes carbon from CO2 molecule and glues it to Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate, creating a 6 carbon chain, which is divided into 2, releasing O2
Carboxylation phase
Restores pool of ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate
Regeneration phase
Sugars not translocated by the phloem, act as reducing agents and donate electrons to other molecules, glucose & fructose with an exposed aldehyde/keytone group
Reducing Sugars
Proportionality constant that measures how easily a substance moves through a particular medium
Diffusion coefficient
Water uptake driven by root pressure pushes air bubbles out of xylem that have formed over consecutive freeze/thaw cycles
Cavitation
Complex 3, oxidize the reduced ubiquinone and transfer to cytochromes
Cytochrome Bc complex
Keeps leaves developmentally young
Cytokinin
What happens due to uneven chlorophyll throughout cells
Sieve effect
Gated channels that allow water movement
Aquaporins
Take electrons from TCA cycle and oxidize to pump into intermembrane space, succinate is oxidized, oxidize the reduced ubiquinone and transfer to cytochromes, 4 electron reduction of oxygen and H2O, 2 electrons per pair are pumped from matrix, 5 complexes
Oxidative Phosphorylation
50% of sunlight provided to forest floor is provided through...
Sunflecks
Phase 1 of Sequential Leaf Senescence, leaves transition from Nitrogen sink to Nitrogen source, photosynthesis declines, early signaling events occur
Initiation phase
Energy from light reactions drives conversion of CO2 to carbohydrate in the chloroplast stroma, known as dark reactions in the past or Calvin-Benson Cycle; Composed of Carboxylation, Reduction, and Regeneration phases
Carbon fixation reactions
12 O2 + 49H+ + 48e- --> 24 H2O
Reduction of Oxygen
Made of light/pigment molecules, leads to reaction centers
Antenna complex
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