Soil and Water Management

1. Nutrient enrichment of a surface water is termed______.

2. What standards are used to determine if a water body is impaired?

3. Soil microorganisms cause ______ in soil structure when crop residues are added to soil.

4. Maintaining surface residues on a soil will ____ surface soil warming in the Spring.

5. Irrigation is needed when the soil moisture deficit equals 6 inches. How long will it be before irrigation is needed if the average daily ET is 0.5 inches and one 1 inch rainfall event occurs with no runoff? Initial soil moisture deficit is 2 inches .

6. A day when there is _____ probability of precipitation would be best for pesticide application to minimize pesticide losses in runoff.

7. Which of the following pollutants is in water is not generally attributed to agriculture?

8. Which of the below is an example of sub-surface drainage?

9. Which of the following is not an example of a contribution of soil organic matter to soil properties?

10. When crop residues are removed from a field, soil _____ increases.

11. If a septic system is being planned for a housing subdivision, a __ order soil survey is needed.

12. Which of the following organic materials would be expected to mineralize the most nitrogen?

13. ______ decreases odor and NH3 losses from biosolids.

14. Maximum plant available water is _____ minus ____.

15. Which of the following are most sensitive to saline water?

16. ____ are raised soil areas used to improve drainage.

17. Soil organic matter is a source of ____ for crops.

18. Poorly drained soils that are wet most of the year are often __ _

19. Which of the following factors does not affect wind erosion?

20. Any factor that ____ runoff and ____ surface protection, increases erosion.

21. Which of the following has the greatest impact on infiltration?

22. Water moving horizontally in a soil is called _____ flow.

23. Which of the following textural classes has the largest potential available water?

24. Leaching is most impacted by _____.

25. Phosphorus transport from a field can be reduced by ____.

26. Rapid water movement downward in large pores after a rain is called _____.

27. The amount of soil that can be lost by erosion, while crop production is maintained economically for the long term is _____.

28. Tile drain spacing is smallest for a ____ soil.

29. Which kind of soil structure would be typical for a good seed bed?

30. Good structure in the subsoil improves _____.

31. The bulk density of 100 cm³ of dry soil that weighs 145 g is ____ g/cm³.

32. In most situations, surface soil _____ will be lower after water erosion occurs.

33. If a soil has an EC of 0.6 siemens per meter and contains 20 percent sodium on the CEC, it is a ____ soil.

34. Which of the following is most important in carbon sequestration?

35. Which of the following irrigation systems is least labor intensive?

36. Excessive soil moisture generally ____ nutrient uptake.

37. What is the textural class of soil that is 10 percent clay and 35 percent sand?

38. Which of the following increases as a soil's clay content increases?

39. The stable form of soil organic matter is called ______.

40. In order to increase soil organic matter levels, ______ must be markedly reduced or eliminated.

41. Knowing the drainage class of soil is helpful when building a __ _

42. The irrigation method where water is applied at low volume is _____.

43. Maintaining crop residues on the surface and _____ reduce surface compaction.

44. In a typical row crop production system, most of the soil organic matter originates from _______.

45. Which of the following can decrease bulk density?

46. What is the most important soil property that affects soil health?

47. _____ irrigation allows the most control to prevent runoff.

48. Which of the following favors increased soil microbial activity?

49. Cations are held on the CEC by ____ charges on clay and organic matter.

50. When organic materials decompose, most of the C ends up as ____.