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Hint
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Answer
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What is the Clinical Psychology Classic Study?
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Rosenhan (1973)
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What was the title of his study?
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On being sane in insane places
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What was the aim?
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To see if psychiatrists could differentiate between sane and insane people
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How many pseudopatients were there?
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8, including Rosenhan. 5 men and 3 women with no mental health problems
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How many American states where the admission offices were located did they call?
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5 states
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What were the voices saying?
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'Empty', 'Thud' and 'Hollow'
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What were 7 of them diagnosed with?
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Schizophrenia in remission
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What was the anomole diagnosed with?
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Manic depression with psychosis
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How did they behave once inside?
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Normally
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What was the average stay in the hospital?
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19 days
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What was the shortest stay?
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7 days
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What was the longest stay?
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52 days (Rosenhan)
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Who recognised they were faking it?
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Other mentally troubled patients
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What was the conclusion?
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The label given during diagnosis and then acted on within the institutions
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What did a follow up test conclude?
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That there is unreliability in the diagnosis process
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What was the aim of Rosenhan study 2?
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To see if the hospitals, who had been told they would have pseudo-patients, would be able to identify the sane from the insane
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What time span was given to the teaching and psychiatric hospital that 1 or more pseudo-patients would try to get admitted?
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3 months
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How many pseudo-patients were admitted?
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No pseudo-patients were admitted
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What did each member of staff rate on a scale?
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How likely that the pseudo-patients would be admitted
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How many patients were assessed in the 3 months?
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193
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How many patients were rated as pseudo-patients by at least two members of staff?
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41
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How many patients were rated as pseudo-patients by at least one psychiatrist?
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23
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How many patients were rated as pseudo-patients by a psychiatrist and another member of staff?
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19
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What was the conclusion to the study?
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The staff were unable to detect insanity
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Why did Rosenhan carry out his third study?
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To investigate how staff interacted with psychiatric patients, and compare this to non-psychiatric patients
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How many hospitals did this study occur in?
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4
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What did the pseudo-patients say?
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Pardon me, Mr/Mrs/Dr X, could you tell me when I will be eligible for ground privileges?
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What were the responses compared to?
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A student at Stanford University when she asked staff for help, such as how to find an area of campus
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How many attempts did the pseudo-patients make to contact psychiatrists?
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185
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How many attempts did the pseudo-patients make to contact nurses?
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1283
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How many attempts did the student make to contact faculty?
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14
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How many psychiatrists responded to the pseudo-patients?
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13
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How many nurses responded to the pseudo-patients?
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47
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How many faculty members responded to the student?
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14
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What % of psychiatrists stopped and talked?
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4%
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What % of nurses stopped and talked?
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0.5%
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What % of faculty members stopped and talked?
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100%
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What did Rosenhan conclude?
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Rosenhan concluded that psychiatric patients were treated differently.
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What did Rosenhan suggest?
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He suggested that patients are powerless and the lack of eye contact depersonalises the patients.
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Generalisability?
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Good as it looked at old and new hospitals, as well as well-staffed and under-staffed hospitals. However, you can't generalise across other cultures
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Reliability?
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Questions and symptoms were standardised however it was a field experiment and conversations with hospital staff couldn't be standardised
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Internal Validity?
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Lack of controls and participant observation may mean that it was difficult to record all behaviours
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Ecological Validity?
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High ecological validity as tasks have high mundane realism.
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Ethics?
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High confidentiality. Lack of informed consent, no right to withdraw and deception
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Applications?
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Criteria for diagnosis increases and highlighted the danger of labelling
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Issues and Debates
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Medication can lead to social control, Socially sensitive research as hospital staff were undermined, DSM and ICD are constantly updated showing change over time
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