The 12 Principles of Animation

In 1981, Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas published The Illusion of Life, also known as the Bible of animation. In the book, they detailed the 12 basic principles for animation still widely used today. Can you name them all?
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Baalhammon
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Last updated: October 10, 2025
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First submittedOctober 10, 2025
Times taken11
Average score66.7%
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Description
Principle
Adjusting the animated object's dimensions at key moments
Squash and stretch
Preparing for an action with an opposite action
Anticipation
Directing the audience's attention to part of the scene
Staging
Animating either frame-by-frame or starting with keyframes and filling the area in between
Straight ahead action and pose to pose
Ensuring different parts of an object move at different rates and demonstrate inertia
Follow through and overlapping action
Creating a sense of gradual acceleration and deceleration
Slow in and slow out
Animating movement in clear trajectories
Arc
Adding minor movements to a scene with a large movement
Secondary action
Assigning a different amount of frames for different actions
Timing
Overemphasizing actions or characters, sometimes to a surreal level
Exaggeration
Understanding art principles and geometry in a 3D space
Solid drawing
Creating characters that connect with the audience
Appeal
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